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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: China Economic J. 2015 Nov 24;8(3):191–214. doi: 10.1080/17538963.2015.1102473

Table 3.

Children’s characteristics by living arrangements (weighted).

All Co-resident Nearby
child		 Non-nearby
child		 P-value
Demographics
Child Age 41.46
(0.11)		 37.82
(0.19)		 42.73
(0.13)		 40.04
(0.17)		 0.00
Daughters 0.47
(0.00)		 0.15
(0.01)		 0.54
(0.01)		 0.48
(0.01)		 0.00
Fraction Married 0.92
0.00		 0.77
(0.01)		 0.95
0.00		 0.91
(0.01)		 0.00
# of Grandchild Younger than 16 1.00
(0.02)		 1.41
(0.04)		 0.89
(0.02)		 1.16
(0.04)		 0.00
Rural Hukou 0.74
(0.01)		 0.77
(0.01)		 0.75
(0.01)		 0.70
(0.01)		 0.00
Education
  Illiterate 0.09
(0.00)		 0.06
(0.01)		 0.11
(0.00)		 0.07
(0.01)		 0.00
  Primary Education 0.39
(0.01)		 0.34
(0.01)		 0.41
(0.01)		 0.38
(0.01)		 0.00
  Middle School 0.31
(0.00)		 0.37
(0.01)		 0.29
(0.01)		 0.30
(0.01)		 0.00
  High School 0.20
(0.00)		 0.22
(0.01)		 0.19
(0.01)		 0.25
(0.01)		 0.00
Child Annual Income
  Less than 5k 0.11
(0.00)		 0.20
(0.01)		 0.10
(0.00)		 0.06
(0.00)		 0.00
  5k–50k 0.61
(0.01)		 0.64
(0.01)		 0.61
(0.01)		 0.58
(0.01)		 0.00
  50k & above 0.07
(0.00)		 0.05
(0.00)		 0.06
(0.00)		 0.12
(0.01)		 0.00
  Missing 0.22
(0.01)		 0.11
(0.01)		 0.23
(0.01)		 0.24
(0.01)		 0.00
Observations 15418 2273 9999 3146

Notes:

1

Sample: adult children (aged 25 or above) from CHARLS elderly households (with at least one respondent 60 or above).

2

Nearby child is defined as living outside of the household but within the same county.

3

Clustered standard errors at family level in brackets.

4

P-values of testing whether the means are equal are provided in the last column.