Table 8.
Contact and financial transfers of non-co-resident children (family fixed effects).
| Visits/year | Other communications/year | Transfer to parents | Transfer from parents | Net amount of transfer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | |
| Child living in the same county | 106.931*** | (3.539) | 20.311*** | (2.491) | −0.029*** | (0.008) | 0.012** | (0.005) | −1,262.909 | (781.757) |
| Child Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Child Age | 0.499 | (1.393) | −0.980 | (0.743) | −0.002 | (0.002) | 0.004*** | (0.002) | −44.969 | (58.053) |
| Child Age^2/100 | 0.223 | (1.588) | 1.081 | (0.824) | 0.002 | (0.002) | −0.005*** | (0.002) | 137.992* | (79.045) |
| Male | 77.280*** | (3.080) | −0.244 | (1.875) | −0.009 | (0.006) | 0.032*** | (0.004) | 280.749* | (165.059) |
| Rural Hukou | 38.476*** | (5.394) | 4.887 | (3.286) | −0.025** | (0.011) | 0.009 | (0.006) | 737.739 | (901.368) |
| Married | 3.388 | (6.543) | 2.269 | (3.431) | 0.067*** | (0.013) | 0.018** | (0.008) | −300.405 | (442.367) |
| # Grandchild Under 16 | 4.987** | (2.319) | 0.725 | (1.327) | 0.000 | (0.004) | 0.002 | (0.003) | −306.540 | (210.311) |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Primary School | 4.372 | (5.994) | −2.306 | (3.176) | 0.011 | (0.013) | −0.008 | (0.007) | 1,776.762 | (1,542.314) |
| Middle School | 1.277 | (7.301) | 7.447* | (4.059) | 0.030** | (0.014) | −0.011 | (0.009) | 2,356.415 | (2,030.450) |
| High School and Above | −3.493 | (9.498) | 10.417* | (5.672) | 0.043** | (0.020) | −0.006 | (0.011) | 4,496.983 | (3,934.934) |
| P-value for Child Education | 0.696 | 0.001 | 0.055 | 0.589 | 0.709 | |||||
| Child Annual Income | ||||||||||
| 5k–50k | 8.090 | (6.110) | 9.034*** | (3.321) | 0.025** | (0.010) | 0.009 | (0.008) | 1,759.146 | (1,367.803) |
| 50k & Above | 8.902 | (11.273) | 12.384* | (7.397) | 0.055** | (0.023) | 0.004 | (0.015) | 7,706.371 | (6,659.270) |
| P-value for Child Income | 0.403 | 0.020 | 0.022 | 0.514 | 0.331 | |||||
| Sibling Characteristics (Non-Resident) | ||||||||||
| Max Sibling Age | 0.922 | (0.704) | 0.161 | (0.404) | 0.001 | (0.001) | −0.002** | (0.001) | 100.301 | (90.512) |
| Max Sibling Annual Income | ||||||||||
| 5k–50k | 25.436** | (12.765) | 7.673 | (7.411) | −0.050** | (0.024) | −0.009 | (0.015) | 1,387.300 | (1,526.213) |
| 50k & Above | 43.409** | (17.571) | 11.704 | (11.019) | −0.112*** | (0.037) | 0.006 | (0.023) | 7,013.869 | (6,860.278) |
| P-values for Sibling Income | 0.044 | 0.515 | 0.011 | 0.636 | 0.592 | |||||
| Max Sibling Education | ||||||||||
| Primary School | −15.734 | (15.369) | −18.884** | (9.180) | −0.031 | (0.027) | −0.031* | (0.017) | 1,254.678 | (1,563.642) |
| Middle School | −20.265 | (15.951) | −12.499 | (9.849) | −0.021 | (0.029) | −0.029 | (0.019) | 1,881.891 | (2,157.972) |
| High School & Above | −12.495 | (17.902) | −18.346 | (11.199) | −0.040 | (0.034) | −0.019 | (0.022) | 4,049.557 | (4,122.471) |
| P-values for Sibling Education | 0.517 | 0.075 | 0.484 | 0.237 | 0.701 | |||||
| Observations | 11856 | 11457 | 12451 | 12451 | 12451 | |||||
| R-Squared | 0.179 | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.017 | 0.025 | |||||
Notes:
1
Sample includes non-co-resident adult children of 25 and older who have at least one parent no younger than 60 and who have at least one adult sibling.
2
Robust standard errors are reported.
3
***p < 0.01; **p <0.05; *p < 0.1.