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. 2001 Feb 1;106(1):105–149. doi: 10.6028/jres.106.006

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The Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is a publication of the U.S. Government. The papers are in the public domain and are not subject to copyright in the United States. Articles from J Res may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.

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Fig. 16 — The difference in mK between various historical temperature scales in the cryogenic range and the ITS-90 as realized by NIST. The IPTS-68 curve represents the version as disseminated from the National Physical Laboratory (UK) (NPL), a different version was disseminated from the NBS (NBS-IPTS-68). The 1958 and 1962 He vapor-pressure scales (VP 58/62) were based on a vapor pressure relation for ⁴He and ³He. The NBS P2-20 scale was a provisional scale based on acoustic gas thermometry from 2 K to 20 K. The EPT-76 was another provisional scale based on paramagnetic susceptibility.