Table 2.
Relative risk (RR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of dietary score with subsequent risk of hypertension among women with a history of GDM
| Quartiles of cumulative average dietary score
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95%CI) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | P-trend1 |
| AHEI | |||||
| Median | 37.2 | 44.9 | 51.5 | 60.8 | |
| Cases/Person years | 259/157296 | 261/156498 | 263/156043 | 256/155914 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) |
0.80 (0.66–0.97) |
0.67 (0.55–0.81) |
<.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) |
0.80 (0.66–0.98) |
0.65 (0.53–0.81) |
0.0002 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) |
0.84 (0.69–1.03) |
0.76 (0.61–0.94) |
0.03 |
| DASH | |||||
| Median | 18 | 22 | 25 | 30 | |
| Cases/Person years | 310/157364 | 236/147095 | 287/169868 | 206/151424 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) |
0.81 (0.68–0.97) |
0.59 (0.49–0.72) |
<.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.66–0.98) |
0.83 (0.68–1.01) |
0.63 (0.51–0.79) |
0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) |
0.89 (0.73–1.09) |
0.72 (0.58–0.90) |
0.01 |
| aMED | |||||
| Median | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | |
| Cases/Person years | 276/142060 | 308/189929 | 234/138389 | 221/155421 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) |
0.78 (0.65–0.95) |
0.62 (0.51–0.76) |
<.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.68–1.00) |
0.77 (0.62–0.95) |
0.61 (0.48–0.76) |
<.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) |
0.81 (0.65–1.00) |
0.70 (0.56–0.88) |
0.002 |
Model 1: Age adjusted model.
Multivariable model 2: Model 1 further adjusted for age (months), parity (1, 2, 3, 4+), age at first birth (12–24, 25–29, ≥ 30), race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian, others), family history of diabetes (yes, no), oral contraceptive use (current, former, never), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), cigarette smoking (current, former, never), alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥ 15 g/d, for DASH score only), total energy intake (kcals/d, quartiles), physical activity (MET hrs/week, quartiles), birth weight (≤5.4, 5.5–6.9, 7–8.4, 8.5–9.9, 10+lbs), hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (yes, no), family history of hypertension (yes, no), aspirin use (yes, no), acetaminophen use (yes, no), other anti-inflammatory medication use (yes, no), BMI at age 18 (≤19.9, 20.0–21.9, 22.0–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30+ kg/m2).
Multivariable model 3: multivariable model 2 plus additional adjustment for updated BMI (≤22.9, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, 35.0+ kg/m2).