Table 4.
Hazard ratios of developing cancer among HIV-positive children in South Africa
| Analysis based on imputed data (n=11,689) |
Complete case analysis (n=7,646) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Multivariable* | Univariable | Multivariable* | ||
| ART treatment (time updated) | Not on ART | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| On ART | 0.43 (0.15-1.22) | 0.29 (0.09-0.86) | 0.23 (0.04-1.20) | 0.23 (0.04-1.18) | |
| Gender | Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 0.74 (0.33-1.67) | 0.69 (0.30-1.56) | 0.88 (0.27-2.89) | 0.86 (0.26-2.85) | |
| Age at enrolment into ART program [years] | < 3 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 to < 5 years | 3.69 (1.15 – 11.84) | 3.41 (1.06 – 10.97) | 7.77 (1.27 – 47.34) | 6.60 (1.08 – 40.44) | |
| 5 to < 10 years | 2.75 (0.95 – 7.97) | 2.89 (1.00 – 8.36) | 5.67 (1.01 – 31.81) | 5.76 (1.02 – 32.46) | |
| ≥ 10 years | 7.05 (2.11 – 23.53) | 7.33 (2.19 – 24.57) | 8.41 (1.11 – 63.42) | 8.29 (1.10 – 62.41) | |
| Immunodeficiency at enrolment | No / mild | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Advanced / severe | 2.59 (0.89 – 7.57) | 3.54 (1.05 – 11.97) | 1.87 (0.40 – 8.72) | 2.22 (0.45 – 10.87) | |
| Calendar year of starting ART | Before 2005 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| ≥ 2005 to 2009 | 0.45 (0.17 – 1.17) | - | 0.45 (0.17 – 1.17) | - | |
| ≥ 2010 | 0.26 (0.03 – 2.27) | - | 0.26 (0.03 – 2.27) | - | |
| Calendar year of enrolment | Before 2005 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| ≥ 2005 | 0.55 (0.22 – 1.35) | - | 0.58 (0.15 – 2.84) | - | |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval.
All models were stratified by cohort.
*
Adjusted for time-updated ART, gender, age at enrolment and immunodeficiency at enrolment.
Definition of immunodeficiency at enrolment into cohort according to WHO 2005 surveillance definition.