Table 1. Patient characteristics (n=42).

Variable	Value
Gestational age (wk)	29.9±3.0
Birth weight (g)	1,503±606
Male sex	19 (45.2)
Use of antenatal steroid	29 (69.0)
Cesarean section	26 (61.9)
Apgar score
At 1 min	6 (5-7)
At 5 min	8 (7-9)
RDS with surfactant therapy	28 (66.7)
Treatment for PDA
Ibuprofen	23 (54.8)
Surgical ligation	9 (21.4)
Respiratory support	42 (100)
Invasive ventilation with endotracheal intubation	30 (71.4)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (25th–75th percentile).

RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.