Table 1.
Parameters obtained from 8 pigs anesthetized with sevoflurane and receiving Ringers lactate solution (control), morphine–lidocaine–ketamine (MLK), or fentanyl-lidocaine–ketamine (FLK) by constant-rate infusion
| Control | MLK | FLK | |
| Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC; %) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| MAC change (%) | 0 | −3 ± 21 | −7 ± 9 |
| Time to MAC determination (min) | 133 ± 39 | 134 ± 24 | 147 ± 36 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 111 ± 19 | 93 ± 27 | 108 ± 9 |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 118 ± 21 | 117 ± 17 | 101 ± 35 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 81 ± 14 | 77 ± 14 | 68 ± 15 |
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 61 ± 11 | 61 ± 15 | 54 ± 15 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.7 ± 1.5 | 37.3 ± 1.1 | 37.8 ± 0.6 |
| SPO2 (%) | 100 ± 1 | 100 ± 0 | 100 ± 1 |
Data are expressed as mean ± 1 SD.