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. 2016 Mar 3;4:2. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00002

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Copyright © 2016 Tzeng and Maier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Categorization according to reactivity based on observed profiles of adduct accumulation in response to increasing HNE concentrations for distinct proteins. Protein reactivity toward HNE can be grouped into three distinct types: High (category A), medium (category B), and low (category C) reactivity. Category A adducts were formed readily and detected even at low concentration (10 μM). Category B adducts were significantly observed at the medium and high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). Category C adducts were significantly detected only at higher HNE concentrations (>100 μM).