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. 2016 Jan;12(1):33–40.

Table 1.

Noninvasive Markers of Fibrogenic Activity

Tests to Measure Liver Stiffness

  • Transient elastography

  • Shear wave elastography

  • Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging

  • Magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic Resonance— or Positron Emission Tomography-Based Technologies

  • Liver inflammation score

  • Proton density fat fraction

  • Collagen or lysyl oxidase content

  • Receptor binding by positron emission tomography ligands

Serum Tests

  • Fibrogenic panels that include extracellular matrix molecules

  • Other serum marker panels

    • FibroTest

    • FIBROSpect II

    • Fibrosis-4 test

    • Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test

    • Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index

    • HepaScore

    • FibroIndex

    • FibroMeter

  • Lipidomic profiles or markers

Functional Tests

  • Cholate clearance test

  • 13C-methacetin breath test

  • Indocyanine green clearance test

  • Galactose elimination capacity test

  • Collagen synthesis quantification measuring 13C-labeled turnover

Clinical Scores

  • Lok index

  • Forns index

  • Model For End-Stage Liver Disease score

  • Child-Pugh score

  • Maddrey discriminant function

  • Lille score