Figure 3.

Different possible charging mechanisms for carbon pores that are initially filled with electrolyte: counter-ion adsorption, ion exchange, and co-ion desorption. The different charging mechanisms may be described by the charging mechanism parameter, X, as defined in eq 2. Example calculations of X (using eq 2) are shown for the three depicted charging mechanisms, with V₀ taken as 0 V. A value of X = +1 is obtained for charging solely by counter-ion adsorption, while X = 0 is obtained for ion exchange, and X = −1 for co-ion desorption. As indicated by the scale on the right, X is a continuous variable (e.g., an X value intermediate between 1 and 0 would indicate that both io-exchange and counter-ion adsorption processes occur during charging). Part of this figure is adapted from ref (49) with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry.