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. 2016 May 12;6:25746. doi: 10.1038/srep25746

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(a) 24-hour urinary volume was not significantly different after high salt (control) or high salt plus caffeine (caffeine) intervention (n = 5) (b) Chronic caffeine intake increased urinary sodium concentration (c) Chronic caffeine intake increase 24-hour total urinary sodium excretion (n = 5). (d) Plasma sodium concentration analysis showed no difference in control and caffeine group (n = 6). All data are presented as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with control.