Table 3.
Multilevel regression coefficients and OR estimates for overall use of preventive care
| Variables | Model B | Model C | Model D |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age | |||
| 18–44 | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | |
| 45–59 | 0.82 (0.67–1.02) | 0.82 (0.67–1.02) | |
| 60+ | Reference | Reference | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | 1.18 (1.00–1.38) | |
| Male | Reference | Reference | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 1.24 (0.83–1.85) | 1.24 (0.83–1.86) | |
| Other | 1.54 (0.97–2.45) | 1.53 (0.96–2.45) | |
| Never married | Reference | Reference | |
| Education attainment | |||
| No formal education | 0.52 (0.36–0.76) | 0.54 (0.37–0.78) | |
| Primary school | 0.57 (0.38–0.80) | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) | |
| Middle school | 0.70 (0.53–0.94) | 0.72 (0.54–0.97) | |
| High school | 0.70 (0.53–0.93) | 0.71 (0.53–0.93) | |
| University | Reference | Reference | |
| Annual household income per capita | |||
| ≤ 20 percentile | 0.67 (0.49–0.90) | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | |
| ≤ 40 percentile | 0.59 (0.43–0.79) | 0.60 (0.44–0.81) | |
| ≤ 60 percentile | 0.74 (0.57–0.97) | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | |
| ≤ 80 percentile | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | 0.88 (0.70–1.12) | |
| > 80 percentile | Reference | Reference | |
| Health condition | |||
| Illness over past 4 weeks | |||
| Yes | 2.36 (1.97–2.83) | 2.29 (1.91–2.75) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | |
| Chronic condition | |||
| Yes | 1.95 (1.62–2.35) | 1.93 (1.60–2.33) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | |
| Medical insurance | |||
| CMI | |||
| Yes | 1.21 (0.80–1.82) | 1.15 (0.76–1.73) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | |
| BSMI | |||
| NCRMS | 0.68 (0.51–0.89) | 0.77 (0.57–1.05) | |
| URBMI | 0.81 (0.64–1.04) | 0.81 (0.63–1.03) | |
| UEBMI | Reference | Reference | |
| Residency | |||
| Region of residence | |||
| Northeastern | 0.31 (0.19–0.51) | 0.37 (0.23–0.61) | |
| Western | 0.54 (0.37–0.80) | 0.74 (0.50–1.10) | |
| Central | 0.45 (0.30–0.66) | 0.60 (0.41–0.90) | |
| Eastern | Reference | Reference | |
| Type of community | |||
| Urban neighborhood | 2.26 (1.52–3.35) | 1.261 (0.80–1.99) | |
| Suburban village | 1.68 (1.13–2.50) | 1.21 (0.80–1.84) | |
| County town | 1.45 (0.91–2.30) | 1.14 (0.70–1.85) | |
| Rural village | Reference | Reference | |
| Random parameters | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) |
| Level 3: community | 0.97 (0.000) | 1.02 (0.000) | 0.96 (0.000) |
| Level 2: household | 0.94 (0.000) | 0.97 (0.000) | 0.95 (0.000) |
CMI Commercial Medical Insurance, BSMI Basic Social Medical Insurance, UEBMI Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance, URBMI Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance, NRCMS New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, SE Standard error