Table 3.

Change after 1 year MK-4 supplementation

CAC		N	Pre	1 year	Difference	%Difference	Paired P value	Baseline P value
Total		26	513 ± 773	588 ± 872	72 ± 143	+14 %	0.018
PIVKA2	≦23	22	421 ± 543	481 ± 610	60 ± 132	+14 %	0.052	0.64
PIVKA2	>23	4	1010 ± 1558	1151 ± 1761	141 ± 204	+14 %	0.26
ucOC	<4.5	19	348 ± 448	402 ± 515	55 ± 139	+16 %	0.11	0.38
ucOC	≧4.5	7	947 ± 1232	1064 ± 1387	117 ± 157	+12 %	0.09
PWV		N	Pre	1 year	Difference		Paired P value	Baseline P value
Total		26	1834 ± 289	1821 ± 378	−12.7 ± 263	−0.7 %	0.811
PIVKA2	≦23	22	1826 ± 280	1872 ± 379	47 ± 226	+2.6 %	0.34	0.79
PIVKA2	>23	4	1882 ± 379	1542 ± 248	−340 ± 164	−18 %	0.026
ucOC	<4.5	19	1859 ± 293	1882 ± 410	22 ± 261	+1.2 %	0.71	0.26
ucOC	≧4.5	7	1766 ± 288	1659 ± 220	−107 ± 240	−6.1 %	0.28

Despite 1 year MK-4 supplementation, CAC increased +14 % annually. High PIVKA2 and high ucOC indicate vitamin K insufficiency at baseline. Those with high PIVKA2 had significant reduction of PWV