Table 3. Associations of baseline factors with fibroblast growth factor-23 plasma concentrations in HIV-negative and HIV-positive participants.
| Factor | HIV-negative subjects | HIV-positive subjects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted ratio of geometric means | P for interaction between HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups | Unadjusted ratio of geometric means | Adjusteda ratio of geometric means | |
| Female | 0.98 (0.73, 1.34) | 0.008 | 1.63 (1.34, 1.98) | 1.46 (1.21, 1.76) |
| Non-African American | 0.95 (0.61, 1.48) | NS | 0.97 (0.64, 1.48) | - |
| Age, per 10 years higher | 0.99 (0.84, 1.15) | NS | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | - |
| Hepatitis C infection | 0.87 (0.67, 1.12) | 0.012 | 1.33 (1.10, 1.62) | 1.31 (1.10, 1.56) |
| Hypertension | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | NS | 1.21 (0.98, 1.48) | - |
| Body mass index, per 1 kg/m2 higher | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | NS | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | - |
| Systolic blood pressure, per 10 mm Hg higher | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | NS | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | - |
| Current smoker | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) | NS | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | - |
| Risky alcohol useb | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) | NS | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | - |
| Current cocaine use | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | NS | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | - |
| Iohexol GFR, per 10 mL/min/1.73m2 higher | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | NS | 0.97 (0.92, 1.01) | - |
| Albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g | 1.00 (0.64, 1.56) | NS | 1.49 (1.15, 1.92) | 1.28 (1.01, 1.62) |
| Serum phosphorus, per 1 mg/dL higher | 1.23 (0.99, 1.53) | NS | 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) | 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) |
| Fractional excretion of phosphorus, per 5% higher | 1.02 (0.89, 1.15) | NS | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | - |
| Parathyroid hormone, per 10 pg/mL higher | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | NS | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | - |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin, per 1% higher | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) | NS | 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) | - |
| Total to HDL cholesterol ratio, per 1 unit higher | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | NS | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | - |
| High sensitivity CRP (units), per doubling | 1.05 (0.98, 1.11) | NS | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | - |
| Activated CD8 lymphocytesc, per 10% higher | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | 0.001 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.15) | -d |
| Vitamin D supplement | 1.14 (0.60, 2.18) | NS | 0.76 (0.54, 1.06) | - |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 1.20 (0.94, 1.53) | NS | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | - |
| Antihypertensive medication | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | NS | 1.19 (0.97, 1.46) | - |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 0.90 (0.58, 1.40) | NS | 1.09 (0.83, 1.42) | |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitor | 0.91 (0.49, 1.68) | NS | 0.74 (0.56, 0.98) | -d |
| History of CDC category C opportunistic condition | - | - | 1.15 (0.92, 1.44) | - |
| Nadir CD4 count, per 50 cells/mm3 higher | - | - | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | - |
| HIV RNA > 400 copies/mL | - | - | 1.49 (1.18, 1.88) | 1.27 (1.01, 1.60) |
| Current CD4 count < 350 cells/mm3 | - | - | 1.35 (1.10, 1.64) | 1.21 (0.99, 1.46) |
| Abacavir use | - | - | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | - |
| Tenofovir use | - | - | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | - |
| Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor use | - | - | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | - |
Estimates shown in bold are statistically significant (P<0.05)
NS, non-significant; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive peptide; HMG CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A.
a Adjusted for factors shown in column.
b Risky alcohol use defined by a score > 3 in men or >2 women on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C instrument.
c Percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes expressing CD38+ and HLA-DR surface markers.
d Factor removed from multivariate model by backwards selection (P>0.1)