Table 1.

The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the TNPs in ultrapure water and DMEM at different time points

	Ultrapure water			DMEM
	Hydrodynamic sizes (nm)	Zeta potential (mV)	PDI	Hydrodynamic sizes (nm)	Zeta potential (mV)	PDI
2 hours	215.5±12.3	−27.4±0.8	0.36±0.27	616.5±171.1	−18.3±0.9	0.57±0.21
24 hours	215.1±13.4	−27.5±0.4	0.39±0.32	592.3±158.7	−19.2±4.2	0.68±0.31

Note: Data are expressed as mean ± SD; n=3.

Abbreviations: DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium; PDI, particle dispersion index; SD, standard deviation; TNPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles.