a) An example of a direct excitatory connection recorded from a calbindin (calb+) to a reelin (reelin+) containing principal cell in an epileptic animal (inset). b) Another example pair, this time between two reelin+ cells (inset). For both panels: recordings performed in a K-gluconate based solution. Upper traces show the presynaptic spike, lower traces demonstrate the response in the postsynaptic cell in ACSF (dark blue, dark red) that was abolished in AMPA/kainate and NMDA antagonists, NBQX and APV (light blue, light red).