Parkin promotes formation of mutant SOD1 aggresomes. a–d SH-SY5Y cells expressing GFP-tagged SOD1 WT, A4V, or G93A and mCherry or mCherry-parkin were treated with the vehicle DMSO (a, b) or 5 μM lactacystin (c, d) for 16 h and then imaged by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The presence of perinuclear aggresomes is indicated by the arrowhead. Scale bar=10 μm. e Aggresome formation was quantified and expressed as the percentage of SOD1-transfected cells containing SOD1-positive aggresomes. *P < 0.05 versus the corresponding mCherry control cells lacking exogenous parkin, unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test