Table 4. Racial/ethnic differences in the numbers andseverity scores of sleep-related symptoms in each cluster.
| Clusters | Symptoms | Whitea | Hispanicb | N-H Asianc | N-H Africand | Total | F*(p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | |||
| Numbers of symptoms | |||||||
| Cluster1 | Physical symptoms(0-5) | 0.65±0.74 | 0.42±0.64 | 0.34±0.57 | 0.75±0.74 | 0.53±0.69 | 5.68(<.01) b, c<a, d |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-4) | 0.43±0.50 | 0.37±0.48 | 0.30±0.46 | 0.36±0.48 | 0.36±0.48 | 1.18(.31) | |
| psychological symptoms(0-15) | 1.90±1.68 | 1.97±1.83 | 1.66±1.57 | 1.71±1.72 | 1.80±1.68 | 1.17(.32) | |
| Total number of symptoms(0-24) | 2.97±2.17 | 2.75±2.07 | 2.30±1.87 | 2.82±2.13 | 2.69±2.07 | 1.52(.21) | |
| Cluster 2 | Physical symptoms(0-5) | 1.47±0.90 | 1.48±0.91 | 1.16±0.85 | 1.42±0.83 | 1.41±0.88 | 1.61(.19) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-4) | 2.11±0.66 | 2.33±0.69 | 2.28±0.47 | 2.27±0.53 | 2.24±0.61 | 0.92(.43) | |
| Psychological symptoms(0-15) | 4.48±2.27 | 4.23±2.01 | 3.94±2.56 | 3.84±2.27 | 4.16±2.25 | 1.23(.30) | |
| Total number of symptoms(0-24) | 8.06±2.73 | 8.05±2.72 | 7.38±2.72 | 7.53±2.71 | 7.81±2.80 | 1.56(.20) | |
| Cluster 3 | Physical symptoms(0-5) | 1.06±0.69 | 0.75±0.73 | 0.83±0.73 | 0.96±0.71 | 0.90±0.72 | 1.56(.20) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-4) | 1.94±1.03 | 1.44±1.02 | 1.60±1.13 | 1.80±0.99 | 1.70±1.05 | 1.59(.19) | |
| Psychological symptoms(0-15) | 9.79±2.35 | 8.90±2.18 | 9.71±2.71 | 9.38±2.77 | 9.44±2.48 | 0.64(.59) | |
| Total number of symptoms(0-24) | 12.79±2.91 | 11.08±3.06 | 12.14±3.32 | 12.13±3.57 | 12.04±3.23 | 1.49(.22) | |
| Cluster 4 | Physical symptoms(0-5) | 3.40±0.91 | 3.13±0.77 | 3.36±1.01 | 3.38±0.94 | 3.32±0.89 | 1.26(.29) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-4) | 2.97±0.99 | 3.08±0.93 | 3.14±0.66 | 2.75±1.16 | 2.97±0.99 | 0.44(.73) | |
| Psychological symptoms(0-15) | 11.27±3.70 | 10.56±3.86 | 12.00±2.5 | 9.63±3.93 | 10.79±3.72 | 0.70(.55) | |
| Total number of symptoms(0-24) | 17.63±3.40 | 16.77±4.25 | 18.50±2.82 | 15.75±4.66 | 17.07±4.34 | 0.41(.75) | |
| Severity scores | |||||||
| Cluster1 | Physical symptoms(0-25) | 1.83±2.38 | 1.05±1.71 | 0.86±1.60 | 2.19±2.39 | 1.47±2.12 | 6.44(<.01) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-20) | 1.28±1.56 | 1.10±1.53 | 0.93±1.51 | 1.19±1.67 | 1.12±1.57 | 0.44(.73) | |
| psychological symptoms(0-75) | 5.09±5.00 | 5.56±5.79 | 4.23±4.33 | 4.73±5.30 | 4.85±5.07 | 1.47(.22) | |
| Total severity scores (0-120) | 8.20±6.74 | 7.71±6.68 | 6.02±5.34 | 8.11±6.85 | 7.43±6.42 | 1.07(.36) | |
| Cluster 2 | Physical symptoms(0-25) | 5.14±3.60 | 4.38±3.11 | 3.34±2.67 | 4.33±2.84 | 4.45±3.18 | 1.54(.21) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-20) | 7.23±2.79 | 7.64±3.36 | 6.50±1.87 | 7.16±2.49 | 7.21±2.77 | 0.62(.60) | |
| psychological symptoms(0-75) | 13.41±7.98 | 11.50±5.77 | 10.41±8.12 | 10.71±7.03 | 11.73±7.27 | 1.21(.31) | |
| Total severity scores (0-120) | 25.77±11.19 | 23.52±9.68 | 20.25±10.51 | 22.20±9.66 | 23.38±10.41 | 1.57(.20) | |
| Cluster 3 | Physical symptoms(0-25) | 3.43±2.60 | 2.46±2.60 | 2.60±2.44 | 3.13±2.46 | 2.92±2.55 | 1.13(.34) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-20) | 6.60±3.82 | 4.68±3.28 | 5.36±4.18 | 6.11±3.41 | 5.70±3.73 | 1.54(.21) | |
| psychological symptoms(0-75) | 30.14±10.63 | 27.71±10.31 | 30.31±11.86 | 28.22±11.88 | 29.08±11.06 | 0.46(.71) | |
| Total severity scores (0-120) | 40.17±13.20 | 34.85±13.39 | 38.26±14.51 | 37.47±14.80 | 37.70±13.93 | 0.38(.77) | |
| Cluster 4 | Physical symptoms(0-25) | 12.15±4.19 | 11.49±3.43 | 10.86±4.50 | 11.31±3.81 | 11.66±3.93 | 0.23(.87) |
| Psychosomatic symptoms(0-20) | 11.32±4.60 | 11.67±3.95 | 11.00±3.53 | 9.84±4.50 | 11.06±4.49 | 0.63(.60) | |
| psychological symptoms(0-75) | 40.02±17.79 | 38.64±18.37 | 39.64±13.10 | 33.56±17.53 | 38.19±17.51 | 0.39(.76) | |
| Total severity scores (0-120) | 63.48±23.22 | 61.79±21.36 | 61.50±17.39 | 54.72±21.62 | 60.90±21.92 | 0.35(.79) | |
Note. N-H=nonhispanic/post-hoc tests=Scheffe tests/cluster 1=low total symptom group/cluster 2=moderate physical and psychosomatic symptom group/cluster 3=moderate psychological symptom group/and cluster 4=high total symptom group.
*
Adjusted F scores after controlling for multiple variables (employment, family income, maternal status, number of children, country of birth, body mass index, perceived general health, diagnosed disease, and access to health care) using ANCOVA.