Table.
Adjusted means (M) and standard error (SE) for servings of fruit and vegetables across meal, group, and time for 387 4th and 5th grade children participating in the Squire’s Quest! II videogame intervention.§
| Control (n=97) | Action (n=98) | Coping (n=95) | Action & Coping (n=97) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | |
| Mean (SE) | ||||||||
|
|
||||||||
| Breakfast | ||||||||
| Fruit a ** | 0.14 ( 0.02 ) | 0.16 ( 0.02 ) | 0.09 ( 0.02 ) | 0.17 ( 0.02 ) | 0.09 ( 0.02 ) | 0.14 ( 0.03 ) | 0.10 ( 0.02 ) | 0.10 ( 0.03 ) |
| Lunch | ||||||||
| Fruit a * | 0.25 ( 0.02 ) | 0.27 ( 0.03 ) | 0.21 ( 0.02 ) | 0.30 ( 0.03 ) | 0.23 ( 0.03 ) | 0.31 ( 0.03 ) | 0.31 ( 0.03 ) | 0.32 ( 0.03 ) |
| Vegetables | 0.41 ( 0.03 ) | 0.44 ( 0.03 ) | 0.42 ( 0.03 ) | 0.50 ( 0.03 ) | 0.41 ( 0.03 ) | 0.41 ( 0.03 ) | 0.47 ( 0.03 ) | 0.45 ( 0.03 ) |
| Snack | ||||||||
| Fruit a *** | 0.19 ( 0.03 ) | 0.25 ( 0.04 ) | 0.14 ( 0.03 ) | 0.33 ( 0.04 ) | 0.20 ( 0.03 ) | 0.31 ( 0.04 ) | 0.19 ( 0.03 ) | 0.32 ( 0.04 ) |
| Vegetables | 0.05 ( 0.01 ) | 0.03 ( 0.02 ) | 0.04 ( 0.01 ) | 0.09 ( 0.02 ) | 0.04 ( 0.01 ) | 0.08 ( 0.02 ) | 0.04 ( 0.01 ) | 0.08 ( 0.02 ) |
| Dinner | ||||||||
| Fruit | 0.11 ( 0.02 ) | 0.08 ( 0.02 ) | 0.08 ( 0.02 ) | 0.09 ( 0.02 ) | 0.07 ( 0.02 ) | 0.10 ( 0.02 ) | 0.10 ( 0.02 ) | 0.09 ( 0.02 ) |
| Vegetables b * | 0.62 ( 0.03 ) | 0.73 ( 0.04 ) | 0.59 ( 0.03 ) | 0.78 ( 0.04 ) | 0.67 ( 0.03 ) | 0.82 ( 0.04 ) | 0.83 ( 0.03 ) | 0.71 ( 0.04 ) |
§
The intervention included goal setting. The groups varied on whether and/or which implementation intentions were set during the goal setting process (none, Action Plans, Coping Plans, or both Action and Coping Plans.)
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001
a
Significant time effect
b
Significant group x time effect-overall; within groups Action and Coping groups had a significant increase in vegetable intake for dinner at 6 months