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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Early Hum Dev. 2016 Apr 8;96:53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.02.002

Table 3.

Developmental outcome at age 2 years and relationships to head turn preference.

Mean (±SD); or median (IQ); or N (%) for whole sample (n = 70) Mean (±SD); or median (IQ); or N (%) among those with severe head turn preference (n = 38) Mean (±SD); or median (IQ); or N (%) among those without severe head turn preference (n = 32) *P value
Bayley cognitive 86.8 (±10.0) 85.2 (±9.6) 89.0 (±10.2) 0.10
Bayley language 89.1 (±12.9) 86.7 (±13.7) 92.4 (±11.1) 0.052
 Receptive language 7.9 (±2.3) 7.5 (±2.4) 8.6 (±2.0) 0.06
 Expressive language 8.4 (±2.4) 7.9 (±2.6) 9.0 (±1.8) 0.049
Bayley motor 84.5 (±11.7) 82.3 (±12.2) 87.3 (±10.6) 0.07
 Fine motor 8.0 (±2.2) 7.5 (±2.0) 8.8 (±2.2) 0.02
 Gross motor 6.8 (±2.3) 6.6 (±2.5) 7.0 (±2.0) 0.44

NNNS: NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale.

*

p value from investigating relationships between the Head Turn Preference Scale categorical score and the developmental outcome measures using linear regression.