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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2016 Feb 26;65(6):835–842. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.011

Table 1.

Study participant characteristics

Total (n=98) Metabolic Syndrome Absent (n=50)
Metabolic Syndrome Present (n=48)
Number of components 0 (n=6) 1 (n=14) 2 (n=30) 3 (n=30) 4 (n=14) 5 (n=4) P-Value
Age (years) 44.7±1.3 27.8±2.1 34.4±2.8 43.7±2.4 50.5±1.6 51.2±1.8 46.7±6.5 <0.001
Female (%) 56(57%) 2(33%) 7(50%) 19(63%) 18(60%) 8(57%) 2(50%) 0.82
Race 0.22
    Caucasian (%) 74(76%) 4(67%) 12(85.7%) 20(67%) 23(77%) 12(86%) 3(75%)
    African American (%) 24(24%) 2(33%) 2(14.3%) 10(33%) 7(23%) 2(14%) 1 (25%)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 33.8±0.7 25.3±1.3 27.7±1.2 34.8±1.5 35.6±1.0 36.9±1.5 36.6±2.0 <0.001
Waist Circumference (cm) 109.3±1.6 86.4±4.4 96.0±3.8 110.4±2.8 113.0±2.1 119.2±2.5 119.1±3.6 <0.001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
    Systolic 124±2 113±3 111±4 120±2 129±3 136±5 144±8 <0.001
    Diastolic 72±1 64±1 66±3 69±1 76±2 78±3 82±4 <0.001
    Heart Rate (bpm) 65±1 55±4 60±3 64±2 66±2 70±4 70±4 0.007
Total Cholesterol (mM) 4.56±0.09 3.92±0.30 4.10±0.16 4.66±0.17 4.69±0.18 4.61±0.25 5.02±0.34 0.12
Triglycerides (mM) 1.31±0.11 0.51±0.09 0.69±0.11 1.01±0.07 1.41±0.13 1.81±0.31 4.38±1.10 <0.001
HDL (mM) 1.17±0.04 1.44±0.10 1.58±0.16 1.16±0.05 1.08±0.04 0.96±0.04 0.87±0.06 <0.001
LDL (mM) 2.81±0.09 2.24±0.33 2.21±0.16 3.04±0.16 2.97±0.16 2.87±0.24 2.5±0.45 0.38
Body Fat (%) 35.0±1.3 18.3±2.9 23.7±3.9 37.0±2.3 39.0±1.7 40.5±2.8 37.9±6.3 0.002
Fasting glucose (mM) 5.6±0.1 5.0±0.2 5.3±0.1 5.3±0.1 5.7±0.1 6.1±0.3 6.5±0.4 <0.001

*P-value indicates comparison between those with versus without metabolic syndrome. HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol