Table 4.
Estimated associations of children’s problem behaviour with their parents’ childhood abuse and psychological distressa
| Externalizing | Internalizing | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 2 | Model 2A | Model 2 | Model 2A | |||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Daughters (n = 865) | ||||||||
| Mother: abused | 2.44* | (1.04–5.71) | 1.74 | (0.68–4.45) | 2.91* | (1.11–7.65) | 1.99 | (0.69–5.74) |
| Father: abused | 1.30 | (0.48–3.53) | 1.06 | (0.39–2.85) | 1.68 | (0.56–5.04) | 1.22 | (0.36–4.12) |
| Mother: psychological distressb | 3.39*** | (1.87–6.13) | 5.67*** | (2.53–12.7) | ||||
| Father: psychological distress | 1.47 | (0.80–2.70) | 1.46 | (0.67–3.15) | ||||
| Sons (n = 885) | ||||||||
| Mother: abused | 2.28 | (0.90–5.80) | 1.83 | (0.75–4.43) | 2.26 | (0.99–5.14) | 1.95 | (0.91–4.18) |
| Father: abused | 3.18** | (1.43–7.08) | 3.01** | (1.36–6.67) | 2.94** | (1.43–6.05) | 2.55* | (1.21–5.40) |
| Mother: psychological distress | 3.18*** | (1.77–5.70) | 2.24*** | (1.23–4.09) | ||||
| Father: psychological distress | 1.29 | (0.69–2.40) | 1.90* | (1.03–3.52) | ||||
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05
Note: aK6 scale scores ≥ 5
bAll models were controlled for children’s age group (2–3 years or 4–18 years) and the respondent to the children survey (mother or not)