Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of remaining QALYs from age 65 to expected death: risk factors instead of lifestyle index and distinction male/female
| Variables | Model 1 | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 0.76 (0.429)* | – | – |
| Age dummy | 3.40 (0.745)*** | 1.76 (1.112) | 4.65 (1.068)*** |
| Age | 0.01 (0.020) | 0.04 (0.027) | −0.03 (0.032) |
| Low education | −1.07 (0.518)** | −0.77 (0.634) | −1.34 (0.860) |
| High education | 0.22 (0.481) | 0.51 (0.707) | −0.01 (0.681) |
| Low income | 0.16 (0.521) | −0.23 (0.653) | 0.73 (0.889) |
| High income | 0.27 (0.490) | −0.12 (0.759) | 0.39 (0.659) |
| Married | 0.41 (0.505) | 0.51 (0.724) | 0.18 (0.780) |
| Have children | 0.80 (0.491) | 0.34 (0.634) | 1.34 (0.807)* |
| (Self-)employed | 0.48 (0.441) | 1.05 (0.577)* | 0.00 (0.698) |
| Chronic disease | −2.25 (0.502)*** | −2.49 (0.710)*** | −2.15 (0.720)*** |
| Disorder | −3.64 (0.529)*** | −3.46 (0.727)*** | −3.85 (0.774)*** |
| Obese | 0.01 (0.561) | −0.94 (0.699) | 1.17 (0.912) |
| Next of kin’s age of death low | −2.69 (0.495)*** | −3.28 (0.656)*** | −1.98 (0.744)*** |
| Next of kin’s age of death high | 3.31 (0.511)*** | 3.17 (0.714)*** | 3.69 (0.736)*** |
| Smoking | −1.30 (0.450)*** | −0.89 (0.605) | −1.56 (0.661)** |
| No alcohol | −0.09 (0.453) | −0.25 (0.575) | 0.13 (0.747) |
| Excessive alcohol | −0.49 (0.624) | −2.87 (0.931)*** | 0.59 (0.826) |
| Physically inactive | −0.78 (0.411)* | 0.10 (0.556) | −1.75 (0.623)*** |
| Unhealthy diet | −1.52 (0.421)*** | −1.80 (0.558)*** | −1.39 (0.631)** |
| Constant | 12.15 (1.014)*** | 11.08 (1.412)*** | 14.01 (1.502)*** |
| Observations | 1064 | 531 | 533 |
| R 2 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.28 |
| Adj. R 2 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
Unstandardized coefficients. Robust standard errors in parentheses
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.10