Figure 18.

Interfacing SiNW FETs with cardiomyocytes for extracellular recording. (a) Long NWs fabricated by top-down paradigm. Isolated cardiomyocytes are cultured on the NW chip, where the dark lines denoted two NWs, I and II. (b) Currents measured by NW I and II. A series of transient current events are observed for NW II because it is covered by a contracting myocyte. (c) Typical results from NW II (left) compared to the intracellular action potential recorded with a nanopipette (Right). Reprinted with permission from Ref. 538. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (d, e) Schematic of a cardiomyocyte on a NW-FET device and the displacement (Z) of the PDMS/cell substrate. (f) Two traces recorded with different Z values. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 539. Copyright 2009 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (g) Point-like recording using a short-channel NW fabricated by bottom-up paradigm. Left: Schematic of the short-channel FET-cell interface, where the active channel size is comparable to that of a few ion channels. Right: Typical signals of beating cardiomyocytes from devices with channel lengths of 150 (blue), 80 (green) and 50 nm (red). Reprinted with permission from Ref. 84. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society.