Table 3.
Factors associated with confirmed malaria in 400 pediatric Tanzanian inpatients using univariable logistic analysis.
| Characteristic | Confirmed malaria (n=63) number (%) median (IQR) |
Confirmed not malaria (n=337) number (%) median (IQR) |
Odds ratio [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 24 (38.1) | 172 (51.0) | 1.69 [0.98–2.94] | 0.061 |
| Female | 39 (61.9) | 165 (49.0) | ||
| Age in months | 25 (14–48) | 16 (9–36) | 1.00 [0.99–1.01] | 0.316 |
| Hospital | ||||
| Bugando | 52 (82.5) | 282 (83.7) | 1.08 [0.53–2.21] | 0.823 |
| Sekou Toure | 11 (17.5) | 55 (16.3) | ||
| Malnutrition | ||||
| No malnutrition | 15 (23.8) | 85 (25.2) | 0.93 [0.49–1.74] | 0.812 |
| Mild malnutrition | 20 (31.8) | 67 (19.8) | 1.87 [1.03–3.40] | 0.038 |
| Moderate malnutrition | 11 (17.5) | 87 (25.8) | 0.61 [0.30–1.22] | 0.160 |
| Severe malnutrition | 16 (25.4) | 90 (26.7) | 0.93 [0.50–1.73] | 0.829 |
| Fever (subjective) | 59 (93.7) | 297 (88.1) | 1.99 [0.68–5.76] | 0.207 |
| Fever (objective) | 39 (61.9) | 185 (54.9) | 1.34 [0.77–2.32] | 0.305 |
| Fever (duration, days) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.99 [0.95–1.03] | 0.701 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.8 (37.0–38.6) | 37.7 (36.8–38.7) | 1.06 [0.84–1.35] | 0.603 |
| Vomiting/Diarrhea | 36 (57.1) | 175 (51.9) | 1.23 [0.72–2.12] | 0.447 |
| Pallor | 32 (50.8) | 116 (34.4) | 1.97 [1.14–3.38] | 0.015 |
| Convulsions | 11 (17.5) | 46 (13.7) | 1.34 [0.65–2.75] | 0.428 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 6.5 (4.3–7.4) | 7.6 (6.8–8.9) | 0.70 [0.61–0.80] | <0.001 |
| Severe Anemia (Hb<5) | 18 (28.6) | 31 (9.2) | 3.95 [2.04–7.64] | <0.001 |
| Breastfeeding | 27 (42.9) | 229 (68.0) | 0.35 [0.20–0.61] | <0.001 |
| Prior use of anti-malarials | 45 (71.4) | 192 (57.0) | 1.89 [1.05–3.40] | 0.034 |
| HIV-infected | 20 (31.8) | 32 (9.5) | 4.43 [2.33–8.44] | <0.001 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Died | 16 (25.4) | 65 (19.3) | 1.42 [0.76–2.67] | 0.279 |
| Recovered | 47 (74.6) | 272 (80.7) |
Bold values indicate the statistically significant characteristics.