Table 1.
Demographic, Smoking , and Psychological Characteristics by Chronic Pain Status (N = 205)
| Chronic Pain (n = 81) | No Chronic Pain (n = 124) | |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Gender** | ||
| Female | 49 (55.7) | 39 (44.3) |
| Male | 32 (27.4) | 85 (72.6) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 9 (11.1) | 9 (7.3) |
| Race | ||
| White | 68 (84.0) | 105 (84.7) |
| Black/African American | 5 (6.2) | 4 (3.2) |
| Asian | 2 (2.5) | 9 (7.3) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 3 (3.7) | 6 (4.8) |
| Education | ||
| Did not graduate high school | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| High school or GED | 7 (8.6) | 5 (4.0) |
| Some college completed | 29 (35.8) | 55 (44.4) |
| Technical school or Associates | 9 (11.1) | 9 (7.3) |
| Four-year college | 21 (25.9) | 35 (28.2) |
| Some school beyond college | 12 (14.8) | 15 (12.1) |
| Professional degree | 2 (2.5) | 5 (4.0) |
| Income | ||
| < 10,000/year* | 6 (7.4) | 23 (18.5) |
| 10,000-25,000/year | 22 (27.2) | 30 (24.2) |
| 25,000-50,000/year | 26 (32.1) | 25 (20.2) |
| 50,000-75,000/year | 9 (11.1) | 25 (20.2) |
| 75,000-100,000/year | 13 (16.0) | 11 (8.9) |
| > 100,000/year | 5 (6.2) | 10 (8.1) |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age* | 29.06 (8.47) | 26.54 (6.90) |
| CES-D1** | 29.1 (11.5) | 22.0 (12.3) |
| GAD-72** | 10.6 (5.6) | 6.9 (5.2) |
| Cigarettes Per Day (CPD) | 11.20 (12.37) | 7.23 (7.03) |
| WISDM3** | 42.54 (17.73) | 30.63 (17.32) |
| MNWS4 | 26.5 (13.7) | 18.4 (12.9) |
| TAA-Difficulty5 | 6.6 (2.6) | 4.7 (3.0) |
| SAQ-Withdrawal6 | 3.7 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| Quit Self-Efficacy | 1.5 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.2) |
Note.
1
Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale
2
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item
3
Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives
4
Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale
5
Thoughts About Abstinence Scale
6
Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire. .
*
p < .05
**
p < .001.