Table 3.
Path Coefficients and Bootstrapped 99% Confidence Intervals for Three Mediation Models.
| Path | Path Description | b | SE | T | p | CI (l) | CI (u) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (Y1): Nicotine Withdrawal as a Mediator of Associations between Chronic Pain Status and Expected Difficulty Quitting | |||||||
| a | CP → MNWS | 6.354 | 1.971 | 3.223 | .002** | 1.203 | 11.506 |
| b | MNWS → TAA-D | .111 | .020 | 5.675 | <.001** | .060 | .162 |
| c | CP → TAA-D | 1.654 | .498 | 2.322 | .001** | .353 | 2.955 |
| c | CP → TAA-D | .948 | .466 | 2.035 | .044* | −.269 | 2.165 |
|
Model 2 (Y2) Nicotine Withdrawal as a Mediator of Associations between Chronic Pain Status and Expected Withdrawal Severity | |||||||
| a | CP → MNWS | 6.354 | 1.971 | 3.223 | .002** | 1.203 | 11.506 |
| b | MNWS → SAQ-W | .063 | .007 | 8.582 | <.001** | .044 | .082 |
| c | CP → SAQ-W | .515 | .209 | 2.467 | .015* | −.030 | 1.061 |
| c’ | CP → SAQ-W | .114 | .175 | .654 | .514 | −.342 | .571 |
|
Model (Y3) Nicotine Withdrawal as a Mediator of Associations between Chronic Pain Status and Abstinence Self-Efficacy | |||||||
| a | CP → MNWS | 6.354 | 1.971 | 3.223 | .002** | 1.203 | 11.506 |
| b | MNWS → AS-E | −.044 | .008 | −5.200 | <.001** | −.066 | −.022 |
| c | CP → AS-E | −.318 | .213 | −1.491 | .138 | −.874 | .239 |
| c’ | CP → AS-E | −.036 | .202 | −.179 | .858 | −.565 | −.055 |
Note. In all models, path a represents the association between the independent variable and the mediator, path b represents the associations between the mediator and the dependent variable, controlling for the independent variable, path c represents the total effect of the model (direct effect + indirect effect), and path c’ represents the direct effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Model 1 tested nicotine withdrawal severity (MNWS) as a statistical mediator of the association between chronic pain status (CP) and expected difficulty quitting (TAA-D). Model 2 tested nicotine withdrawal severity (MNWS) as a statistical mediator of the association between chronic pain status (CP) and expected tobacco withdrawal severity (SAQ-W). Model 3 tested nicotine withdrawal severity as a statistical mediator of the association between chronic pain status (CP) and abstinence self-efficacy (ASE). P = chronic pain status; MNWS = Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale; TAA-D = Thoughts About Abstinence Scale – expected difficulty with cessation; SAQ-W = Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire – Withdrawal Subscale; AS-E = Abstinence Self-Efficacy
p < .05
p < .01.