Blocking VEGFR2 kinase activity increases the incidence and severity of NEC. DF pups or those subjected to the experimental NEC protocol were injected (ip) with 20 mg/kg of SU5416 (A–C and F) or 1 mg/kg of Ki8751 (D and E) or vehicle control daily. Representative photographic images (top) and histological pictures (bottom) from each group (SU5416 experiments) are shown in A. Scale bar = 100 µm. NEC histological scores are shown in B (SU5416) and D (Ki8751). Pup survival curves are shown in C (SU5416) and E (Ki8751). B, n = 14 in DF, 15 in SU5416 alone, 32 in NEC and 29 in NEC+SU5416 group; C, n = 20 in DF, 19 in SU5416 alone, 38 in each of NEC and NEC+SU5416 group; D, n = 16 in DF, 12 in SU5416 alone, 31 in NEC and 35 in NEC+SU5416 group; E, n = 16 in DF, 13 in SU5416 alone, 38 in NEC and 44 in NEC+SU5416 group. ***P < 0.001. ****P < 0.0001. These data were the combined results of 2 to 3 separated experiments. F: intestinal permeability was measured by serum FITC-dextran (FD4) concentration 4 h following enteral administration of 800 mg/kg of FD4 in DF (n = 22), SU5416 (n = 11), NEC (n = 14), and NEC + SU5416 pups (n = 14). Data represent 3 independent experiments combined. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ****P < 0.0001.