Table 3.

Central hemodynamics at baseline and during progressive handgrip exercise

		Exercise Intensity
	Baseline	3 kg 13 ± 1% MVC	6 kg 26 ± 1% MVC	9 kg 39 ± 2% MVC	12 kg 52 ± 3% MVC
Control
HR, beats/min	57 ± 3	62 ± 4	64 ± 4*	68 ± 5*	73 ± 7*
SV, ml/beat	111 ± 15	105 ± 19	106 ± 19	103 ± 19*	103 ± 20*
CO, l/min	6.3 ± 0.9	6.4 ± 1.2	6.6 ± 1.2	6.8 ± 1.2*	7.2 ± 1.3*
MAP, mmHg	102 ± 3	110 ± 4*	112 ± 4*	117 ± 5*	124 ± 6*
l-NMMA
HR, beats/min	59 ± 4	63 ± 4	66 ± 4*	68 ± 5*	73 ± 7*
SV, ml/beat	101 ± 17	96 ± 15	98 ± 15	96 ± 15	89 ± 14*
CO, l/min	5.8 ± 1.0	5.9 ± 0.9	6.2 ± 0.9	6.4 ± 0.9*	6.2 ± 0.9
MAP, mmHg	102 ± 3	108 ± 4*	113 ± 5*	118 ± 6*	127 ± 6*
Ascorbic acid
HR, beats/min	57 ± 3	62 ± 3	67 ± 4*	72 ± 6*	75 ± 6*
SV, ml/beat	100 ± 17	95 ± 17	97 ± 17	99 ± 21	90 ± 17*
CO, l/min	5.8 ± 1.1	6.1 ± 1.1	6.5 ± 1.1*	7.1 ± 1.5*	6.6 ± 1.2*
MAP, mmHg	99 ± 3	105 ± 5*	110 ± 4*	117 ± 5*	123 ± 4*
l-NMMA + ascorbic acid
HR, beats/min	59 ± 5	63 ± 5	66 ± 5*	69 ± 5*	73 ± 6*
SV, ml/beat	90 ± 17	89 ± 15	93 ± 17	84 ± 16	82 ± 15*
CO, l/min	5.2 ± 1.0	5.4 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 1.0*	5.6 ± 1.0	5.8 ± 1.0*
MAP, mmHg	97 ± 4	108 ± 4*	114 ± 6*	120 ± 6*	125 ± 7*

Values are means ± SE. Absolute (kg) and relative [% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] exercise intensities are indicated.

HR, heart rate; CO, cardiac output; SV, stroke volume; MAP, mean arterial pressure.

^*Significantly different from baseline (P ≤ 0.05).