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. 2016 Mar 2;80(2):329–350. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00060-15

FIG 11.

FIG 11

General binding site model for the Cry and Vip proteins in the midgut epithelial membrane of lepidopteran larvae. Cry1Fa and Cry1A proteins, in addition to the shared binding site, may have other sites depending on the insect species considered. Recognition of Vip3Aa sites by Cry1Ia has been found only in S. eridania (of four Spodoptera species tested).