Table 1:
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | Open approach (n = 203) | VATS approach (n = 69) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex (n, %) | 84 (41) | 37 (54) | 0.077 |
| Age (mean ± SD) (years) | 58.3 ± 0.7 | 63.7 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | 0.024 | ||
| White | 176 (76) | 56 (81) | |
| Black | 26 (24) | 10 (14) | |
| Native American | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | |
| FEV1 (mean ± SD) (% predicted) | 71.4 ± 18.0 | 74.9 ± 18.9 | 0.17 |
| DLCO (mean ± SD) (% predicted) | 69.8 ± 18.9 | 73.6 ± 17.4 | 0.16 |
| BMI at operation (mean ± SD) (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.7 | 27.7 ± 5.5 | 0.027 |
| History of diabetes (n, %) | 25 (12) | 13(19) | 0.18 |
| Renal insufficiency (n, %) | 2 (1) | 2 (3) | 0.27 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 61 (30) | 38 (55) | <0.001 |
| COPD (n, %) | 45 (22) | 24 (35) | 0.037 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 10 (5) | 4 (6) | 0.76 |
| Prior thoracic surgery (n, %) | 43 (21) | 21 (30) | 0.12 |
| Clinical T statusa | 0.001 | ||
| 1a | 13 (7) | 13 (22) | |
| 1b | 20 (11) | 7 (12) | |
| 2a | 40 (21) | 18 (31) | |
| 2b | 29 (15) | 10 (17) | |
| 3 | 73 (38) | 7 (12) | |
| 4 | 15 (8) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Clinical N statusb | 0.10 | ||
| 0 | 74 (39) | 15 (27) | |
| 1 | 11 (6) | 4 (7) | |
| 2 | 102 (54) | 34 (61) | |
| 3 | 2 (1) | 3 (5) | |
| Clinical stage prior to induction therapy (n, %) | 0.004 | ||
| IA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| IB | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| IIA | 14 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| IIB | 50 (25) | 3 (4) | |
| IIIA | 107 (53) | 44 (64) | |
| IIIB | 10 (5) | 3 (4) | |
| IV | 14 (7) | 5 (7) | |
| Unknown | 5 (2) | 7 (10) | |
| Congestive heart failure (n, %) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.62 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (n, %) | 10 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.062 |
| Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 21 (10) | 16 (23) | 0.007 |
| Zubrod score (n, %) | 0.32 | ||
| 0 | 62 (31) | 26 (38) | |
| 1 | 136 (68) | 40 (59) | |
| 2 | 2 (1) | 2 (3) | |
| 3 | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| History of cancer (n, %) | 28 (14) | 12 (17) | 0.49 |
| History of smoking (n, %) | 192 (95) | 63 (91) | 0.33 |
| Radiation (n, %) | 146 (72) | 19 (28) | <0.001 |
| Transient ischemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (n, %) | 11 (5) | 3 (4) | 0.73 |
| Central versus peripheral tumour (n, %) | 0.78 | ||
| Central | 67 (33) | 15 (22) | |
| Peripheral | 136 (67) | 54 (78) | |
| Time from preoperative therapy to surgery (days) | 0.61 | ||
| Median (Interquartile range) | 92 (76–128) | 89 (73–115) | |
| Operative year | <0.001 | ||
| 1996–2001 | 58 (29) | 1 (1) | |
| 2002–2007 | 100 (49) | 12 (17) | |
| 2008–2012 | 45 (22) | 56 (81) |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index.
aData only available for 249 of 272 patients (open n = 190, VATS n = 59).
bData only available for 245 of 272 patients (open n = 189, VATS n = 56).