TABLE 1.

Hierarchical Regression Analysis Testing Pain Predicting Affective Symptoms

Step	Variable	B	SE	β	t	F	ΔR2
Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition
1	Age	− 0.06	0.10	−.06	−0.58	0.72	.03
	Gender	2.20	3.60	.06	0.61
	Race	− 0.98	1.29	−.07	−0.76
	Relationship Status	− 1.19	1.38	−.08	−0.86
	Employment Status	− 1.44	2.36	−.05	−0.61
2	PHQ Pain Scale	0.64	0.47	.13	1.36	0.91	.02
State Trait Anxiety Inventory–Trait Version
1	Age	− 0.11	0.09	−.12	−1.22	1.92	.08
	Gender	2.63	3.43	.07	0.77
	Race	− 1.60	1.31	−.12	−1.22
	Relationship Status	− 1.99	1.28	−.15	−1.56
	Employment Status	− 0.43	2.20	−.02	−0.19
2	PHQ Pain Scale	0.55	0.43	.12	1.27	1.88	.01
Addictions Severity Index–Psychiatric Status
1	Age	0.01	0.01	.07	0.70	0.87	.038
	Gender	− 0.07	0.12	−.06	−0.56
	Race	− 0.02	0.04	−.04	−0.39
	Relationship Status	− 0.08	0.05	−.17	−1.77
	Employment Status	0.04	0.08	.05	0.47
2	PHQ Pain Scale	0.02	0.02	.13	1.33	1.03	.015
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
1	Age	− 0.25	0.22	−.12	−1.12	0.98	.044
	Gender	1.39	7.96	.02	0.18
	Race	− 4.28	3.21	−.13	−1.33
	Relationship Status	3.96	3.15	.13	1.26
	Employment Status	− 3.69	5.35	−.07	−0.69
2	PHQ Pain Scale	3.16	0.99	.31	3.200**	2.60*	.085**
PTSD Checklist
1	Age	− 0.05	0.11	−.05	−0.45	1.59	.065
	Gender	− 3.46	3.94	−.08	−0.88
	Race	− 1.74	1.41	−.12	−1.24
	Relationship Status	− 2.67	1.51	−.17	−1.77
	Employment Status	0.05	2.58	.01	0.02
2	PHQ Pain Scale	1.25	0.50	.24	2.49*	2.41*	.049*

Note. PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01.