Table 4.

Age-specific maternal education gradients in early childhood health

	Bangladesh				Nepal
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	HAZ	HAZ	WAZ	WAZ	HAZ	HAZ	WAZ	WAZ
Age 0–11M × Mothers with Sec.Educ.	0.003	–0.038	0.186***	0.168**	0.106	0.092	0.240*	0.232
	(0.086)	(0.086)	(0.067)	(0.068)	(0.167)	(0.171)	(0.140)	(0.141)
Age 12–35M × Mothers with Sec.Educ.	0.139**	0.095	0.268***	0.247***	0.247**	0.225*	0.277***	0.266**
	(0.066)	(0.065)	(0.053)	(0.054)	(0.124)	(0.126)	(0.104)	(0.104)
Age 36–59M × Mothers with Sec.Educ.	0.122**	0.079	0.078*	0.060	0.089	0.063	0.201**	0.182*
	(0.052)	(0.055)	(0.047)	(0.049)	(0.103)	(0.110)	(0.097)	(0.098)
Child specific controls
Child’s age
Age 0–11 M (Reference)
Age 12–35 M	–1.073***	–1.067***	–0.604***	–0.600***	–0.996***	–0.992***	–0.351***	–0.349***
	(0.070)	(0.070)	(0.057)	(0.057)	(0.104)	(0.109)	(0.098)	(0.100)
Age 36–59 M	–1.052***	–1.048***	–0.738***	–0.737***	–1.094***	–1.089***	–0.447***	–0.439***
	(0.069)	(0.069)	(0.053)	(0.053)	(0.107)	(0.107)	(0.101)	(0.101)
Male	–0.007	–0.005	0.050*	0.052*	–0.040	–0.048	–0.059	–0.063
	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.059)	(0.059)	(0.048)	(0.048)
Birth size	–0.345***	–0.342***	–0.454***	–0.452***	–0.344***	–0.328***	–0.420***	–0.413***
	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.037)	(0.037)	(0.081)	(0.078)	(0.055)	(0.054)
Birth order	–0.109***	–0.103***	–0.070***	–0.068***	–0.052*	–0.050*	–0.090***	–0.089***
	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.031)	(0.030)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Maternal controls
Mother’s age	0.031***	0.031***	0.017***	0.016***	0.018	0.016	0.017*	0.016*
	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Mother’s height	0.056***	0.056***			0.058***	0.057***
	(0.003)	(0.003)			(0.006)	(0.007)
Mother’s BMI			0.062***	0.062***			0.069***	0.068***
			(0.005)	(0.005)			(0.010)	(0.010)
Paternal controls
Father’s age	0.003	0.003	0.001	0.000	–0.011	–0.009	–0.005	–0.003
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.006)
Father’s education
No education (Reference)
Primary education		–0.044		–0.054		0.082		0.064
		(0.048)		(0.041)		(0.126)		(0.099)
Secondary education		0.129**		0.046		0.118		0.084
		(0.057)		(0.044)		(0.125)		(0.097)
Household characteristics
Household wealth status
Richest	0.736***	0.677***	0.496***	0.472***	0.537***	0.506***	0.264**	0.243**
	(0.075)	(0.079)	(0.062)	(0.064)	(0.131)	(0.130)	(0.114)	(0.118)
Richer	0.395***	0.355***	0.256***	0.242***	0.502***	0.472***	0.243***	0.220**
	(0.063)	(0.067)	(0.056)	(0.057)	(0.121)	(0.118)	(0.093)	(0.100)
Middle	0.287***	0.262***	0.182***	0.174***	0.364***	0.352***	0.051	0.041
	(0.059)	(0.060)	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.115)	(0.113)	(0.085)	(0.086)
Poorer	0.178***	0.171***	0.109**	0.109**	0.126	0.138	-0.075	-0.074
	(0.055)	(0.055)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.120)	(0.121)	(0.090)	(0.092)
Poorest (Reference)
Log (Household Size)	–0.043	–0.051	–0.001	–0.006	–0.009	–0.004	–0.029	–0.028
	(0.045)	(0.045)	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.096)	(0.098)	(0.065)	(0.066)
Rural	0.043	0.038	0.028	0.025	-0.227**	-0.230**	-0.030	-0.029
	(0.052)	(0.052)	(0.046)	(0.046)	(0.106)	(0.106)	(0.079)	(0.079)
Religion	–0.136**	–0.128**	–0.129**	–0.124**	–0.177*	–0.175*	–0.190***	–0.191***
	(0.062)	(0.062)	(0.055)	(0.055)	(0.100)	(0.102)	(0.067)	(0.068)
Weighted Sample Size	7508	7505	7508	7504	2352	2342	2349	2339
R-squared	0.206	0.208	0.202	0.203	0.223	0.221	0.186	0.185
F	56.845	52.922	51.842	47.706	26.393	22.717	15.362	14.045
Mean VIF	2.34	2.34	2.36	2.36	1.84	1.89	1.85	1.90

Note: The numbers in the parenthesis refer to the linearized standard errors that account for survey design and sample weight. ***indicates p< 0.01, **indicates p < 0.05 and *indicates p <0.1. Each regression also includes dummies to capture regional effects. The regional dummies for Bangladesh are based on seven major divisions and for Nepal, the regional dummies are based on five developmental regions. The religion dummy captures the Muslim and Hindu religions for Bangladesh and Nepal respectively