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In vivo mMRI and immuno-spin-trapping (IST). (A) DMPO traps free radicals to form a stable DMPO-radical adduct complex. (B) Anti-DMPO probe (anti-DMPO antibody-albumin-Gd-DTPA-biotin) mMRI. (C) Immuno-spin trapping of free radicals (•R) with anti-DMPO mMRI probe. DMPO is injected i.p. to trap free radicals and generate DMPO-R adducts. Anti-DMPO is injected i.v. to target DMPO-R adducts, which can be visualized by mMRI.
