Figure 8. The real-time RT-PCR analysis of aveR, malE and σ²⁵ transcript levels in S. avermitilis without (control) and with 15 kV/cm nsPEFs treatment performed on total RNA isolated on day 3 and day 5 during fermentation.

The results are reported as the relative expression of aveR, malE and σ²⁵ transcripts with respect to hrdB mRNA at the corresponding time points. The relative values for the expression of each gene on day 3 in control were defined as 1. Values are the mean ± standard deviation of three independent biological replicate experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance of differences between the nsPEFs-treated and control cells is indicated with *when P < 0.05, **when P < 0.01.