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. 2016 May 16;6:25910. doi: 10.1038/srep25910

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Decreased mean blood pressure (MBP, Panel (A), top) increased PVN activity (Panel (A), bottom) while elevated MBP (Panel (A), top) reduced number of PVN spikes (Panel (A), bottom). Symbol (*) in Panel (A), top and bottom histograms, indicates significant changes in MAP and PVN activity after administration of nitroprusside (NP) and phenylephrine (PE). Panel B displays consistent evoked PVN activity with repeated splanchnic nerve stimulation every 10-min. EA for 30-min at P5-P6 reduced the splanchnic evoked PVN responses for at least 70 min, Panel (C). Opioid receptor blockade with naloxone reversed EA-inhibition of splanchnic evoked PVN activity (Panel (D)). Peristimulus histograms (Panels D1-3) display discharge activity of a cardiovascular PVN neuron before and during 30-min EA at P5-P6 stimulation and following naloxone microinjection that correspond with numbers in bar histogram (Panel (D)). Symbol (*) in Panels (C,D) indicates significant reduction in evoked neuronal responses compared with activity before onset of EA. Symbol (†) in Panel (D) indicates significant reversal of PVN evoked activity compared to pre-blockade during the effects of EA.