Table 2. Reaction rate constants (k) of fructose dehydration at different temperatures.

	Entry	T ( °C)	k(min−1)	k1(min−1)	k2(min−1)	k3(min−1)
A: Acidic ILs	1	100	0.00399 ± 2.83 × 10−4	0.00053 ± 2.83 × 10−5	1.3E-05 ± 2.19 × 10−6	0.003275 ± 4.74 × 10−4
	2	120	0.01205 ± 6.72 × 10−4	0.009665±1.34 × 10−4	0.000116 ± 7.78 × 10−6	0.00265 ± 1.56 × 10−4
	3	140	0.03202 ± 0.002638	0.02178 ± 3.96 × 10−4	0.000804 ± 6.54 × 10−5	0.01121 ± 8.63 × 10−4
	4	160	0.08802 ± 6.20 × 10−3	0.04375 ± 7.21 × 10−4	0.00515 ± 4.24 × 10−4	0.037116 ± 3.2 × 10−3
B: Alkaline ILs	5	120	0.000262 ± 7.42 × 10−5	0.000123 ± 4.96 × 10−6	8.89E-06 ± 1.91 × 10−7	0.000083 ± 8.49 × 10−7
	6	140	0.001329 ± 1.2 × 10−5	0.000892 ± 6.15 × 10−5	2.36E-05 ± 3.04 × 10−6	0.000408 ± 1.17 × 10−4
	7	160	0.008017 ± 1.46 × 10−4	0.00596 ± 1.7 × 10−4	0.000097 ± 3.25 × 10−6	0.001757 ± 1.08 × 10−4
	8	180	0.03333 ± 1.32 × 10−4	0.02489 ± 4.53 × 10−4	0.000341 ± 3.82 × 10−5	0.00865 ± 5.79 × 10−4

Conditions: 0.25 g catalyst, 0.5 g fructose, 60 mL DMSO; acidic and alkaline ILs were [MIMPS]₃PW₁₂O₄₀and [AEMIM]BF₄.