Table 4.
Standardized test results for language, cognition, and reading, at two test ages.
| Characteristic | Score | NLE | SD | LLE | SD | PLD | SD | Cohen's d
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LLE vs. PLD | NLE vs. LLE | ||||||||
| Age 4.5: Language | |||||||||
| PLS, Receptive | Standard | 103.7 | 9.9 | 77.8 | 9.4 | 69.5 | 15.1 | 0.95 | 2.68 |
| PLS, Expressive | Standard | 100.8 | 13.1 | 64.6 | 9.0 | 58.7 | 8.8 | 0.66 | 3.22 |
| PPVT | Standard | 101.5 | 7.8 | 84.0 | 9.7 | 65.7 | 17.5 | 1.29 | 1.99 |
| Age 10.5: Language | |||||||||
| CELF, Receptive | Standard | 104.0 | 13.8 | 89.2 | 9.4 | 71.8 | 10.5 | 1.75 | 1.25 |
| CELF, Expressive | Standard | 110.4 | 11.4 | 97.0 | 8.2 | 69.3 | 14.8 | 2.32 | 1.35 |
| PPVT | Standard | 114.6 | 14.1 | 98.6 | 15.0 | 73.1 | 14.1 | 1.75 | 1.10 |
| Age 10.5: Cognition/Reading | |||||||||
| WISC, PRQ | Quotient | 110.0 | 10.0 | 104.0 | 12.0 | 102.0 | 15.0 | 0.15 | 0.54 |
| WISC, VCQ | Quotient | 109.0 | 11.0 | 99.0 | 14.0 | 78.0 | 15.0 | 1.45 | 0.79 |
| WISC Gap | PRQ – VCQ | 1.0 | 9.8 | 5.0 | 17.4 | 24.0 | 13.0 | −1.24 | −0.28 |
| Basic Reading Skills | Quotient | 122.9 | 22.7 | 100.4 | 14.3 | 90.5 | 17.7 | 0.62 | 1.19 |
| Reading Comprehension | Quotient | 121.4 | 20.1 | 101.6 | 13.1 | 84.1 | 13.0 | 1.34 | 1.17 |
Note. NLE = normal language emergence; LLE = late language emergence; PLD = persistent language delay; PLS = Preschool Language Scale–Third Edition; PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–III; CELF = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition; WISC = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition; PRQ = Perceptual Reasoning Quotient; VCQ = Verbal Comprehension Quotient.