Table 4.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Outcome Comparisons by English Language Use in Hawai‘i Maternity-Related Hospitalizations among those with Diabetes, 2012 (n=1,355)¹

	Diabetes Sample			Multivariable Model²
n	1,355
	English Speaker		P value	Non English speakers (vs. English speakers)
	Yes	No
n (% of sample)	1,226 (90.5%)	129 (9.5%)
	n (%)	n (%)	p	RR [95% CI]
Maternal Quality Indicators
Caesarean delivery rate	337 (31.2%)	37 (32.7%)	0.742	0.91 [0.65, 1.28]
Primary Caesarean delivery rate	149 (17.3%)	25 (27.5%)	0.017	1.30 [0.83, 2.03]
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean, all	39 (15.1%)	10 (38.5%)	0.003	1.83 [0.83, 4.01]
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean, Uncomplicated	37 (15.7%)	10 (41.7%)	0.002	1.96 [0.89, 4.30]
Obstetric Trauma Rate - C-section	³	³	³	⁴
Obstetric Trauma Rate - Vaginal Delivery Without Instrument	16 (2.1%)	³	0.089	⁴
Obstetric Trauma Rate - Vaginal Delivery With Instrument	12 (26.1%)	³	0.692	⁴
No Delivery Complications
ID Rate	989 (80.7%)	100 (77.5%)	0.392	0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p	OR [95% CI]
SOI within APR_DRGs
540 (Caesarean delivery)	1.54 (0.71)	1.58 (0.73)	0.395	0.95 [0.48, 1.88]
541 (Vaginal Delivery w/ Sterilization &/or D&C)	1.50 (0.65)	1.52 (0.68)	0.879	⁴
542 (Vaginal Delivery w/ Complicating Procedures Exc Sterilization &/or D&C)	1.73 (0.73)	1.64 (0.50)	0.614	⁴
560 (Vaginal Delivery)	1.56 (0.64)	1.59 (0.62)	0.179	1.18 [0.70, 2.00]
	n (%)	n (%)	p	RR [95% CI]
Baby Outcomes
Birth Trauma	³	³	0.540	⁴
Premature	182 (14.7%)	18 (13.7%)	0.778	0.72 [0.43, 1.21]
Low Birth Weight	127 (10.2%)	19 (14.5%)	0.131	1.30 [0.80, 2.12]
High Birth Weight	119 (9.6%)	12 (9.2%)	0.876	0.96 [0.47, 1.95]

P-values were based on two –sample t-tests for continuous variables; Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables.

Models adjusted for race/ethnicity, age group, payer, rural vs. urban hospital location, and multiple gestation.

Number of observations <10 (too small to report due to data privacy rules).

⁴

Not enough observations (<10) to run multivariable models.