. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: NMR Biomed. 2015 Feb 12;29(2):187–196. doi: 10.1002/nbm.3265

Table 3.

Some in vivo ²³Na MRI measurements of total sodium content in normal tissue.

Tissue	n	[Na] mmol/kg wet wt	Ref.	MRI method

Human skeletal muscle	10	28.4 ±3.6	35	TPI
	5	26.2 ±3.3	58	TPI
	5	26 ±4	70	3DGRE

Canine heart	6	34.4 ±2.8	34	TPI

Human heart	10	43 ±4	21	TPI

Human adipose tissue	10	17 ±4	21	TPI
		20 ±2	71	TPI

Human ventricular blood	10	79 ±8	21	TPI

Human breast, fibrous	9	28 ro	71	TPI
	19	33 rou^a	72	TPI
	2	57 ±14	73	3DDR

Values are mean ±SD; TPI=twisted projection imaging; 3DGRE=three-dimensional (3D) gradient refocused echo; 3DDR=3D density-adapted radial acquisition.

Converted from mmoles/liter of wet tissue assuming a specific gravity of 1.04 (46).