Table 6.
Study 1B: Analysis of Baseline Variables
| Regression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||
| β | t (df) | p | β | t (df) | p | |
| % Free/Reduced Lunch | ||||||
| Generational Status | 0.22 | 6.41 (794) | .000 | 0.20 | 4.39 (791) | .000 |
| Condition | 0.01 | 0.24 (794) | .811 | 0.12 | 0.13 (791) | .898 |
| Gen Status × Condition | −0.03 | 0.66 (794) | .509 | −0.03 | 0.62 (791) | .951 |
| Independence | −0.40 | 0.42 (791) | .676 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | −0.05 | 0.89 (791) | .376 | |||
| Condition × Independence | −0.28 | −0.26 (791) | .793 | |||
| ACT | ||||||
| Generational Status | −0.15 | 4.12 (794) | .000 | −0.05 | 1.09 (791) | .275 |
| Condition | 0.00 | 0.03 (794) | .976 | −0.13 | 1.05 (791) | .295 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.00 | 0.08 (794) | .939 | 0.10 | 1.87 (791) | .062 |
| Independence | 0.22 | 2.23 (791) | .026 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | 0.20 | 3.47 (791) | .001 | |||
| Condition × Independence | −0.01 | −0.10 (791) | .918 | |||
| Prior GPA | ||||||
| Generational Status | −0.11 | 3.01 (794) | .003 | −0.06 | 1.35 (791) | .178 |
| Condition | −0.01 | 0.18 (794) | .855 | −0.09 | 0.72 (791) | .472 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.01 | 0.30 (794) | .767 | −0.03 | 0.57 (791) | .568 |
| Independence | 0.10 | 1.02 (791) | .307 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | 0.09 | 1.52 (791) | .129 | |||
| Condition × Independence | −0.04 | 0.36 (791) | .716 | |||
| Prior Credits Taken | ||||||
| Generational Status | −0.04 | 1.09 (794) | .275 | −0.06 | 1.35 (791) | .176 |
| Condition | 0.02 | 0.39 (794) | .700 | 0.12 | 0.97 (791) | .333 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.01 | 0.21 (794) | .834 | 0.03 | 0.52 (791) | .600 |
| Independence | −0.07 | 0.72 (791) | .472 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | −0.04 | 0.71 (791) | .477 | |||
| Condition × Independence | 0.10 | 0.93 (791) | .353 | |||
| Confidence about Performance | ||||||
| Generational Status | −0.01 | 0.21 (794) | .833 | 0.02 | 0.36 (791) | .720 |
| Condition | −0.02 | 0.50 (794) | .619 | 0.06 | 0.45 (791) | .650 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.02 | 0.50 (794) | .619 | 0.00 | 0.01 (791) | .993 |
| Independence | −0.43 | 0.43 (791) | .665 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | 0.05 | 0.88 (791) | .381 | |||
| Condition × Independence | 0.09 | 0.89 (791) | .386 | |||
| Concern about Background | ||||||
| Generational Status | −0.01 | 0.37 (794) | .384 | −0.04 | 0.97 (791) | .333 |
| Condition | 0.03 | 0.72 (794) | .325 | −0.01 | 0.05 (791) | .959 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.00 | 0.03 (794) | .315 | 0.03 | 0.67 (791) | .500 |
| Independence | −0.02 | 0.17 (791) | .866 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | −0.07 | 1.18 (791) | .237 | |||
| Condition × Independence | −0.08 | 0.73 (791) | .466 | |||
| Age | ||||||
| Generational Status | 0.18 | 5.16 (794) | .000 | 0.19 | 4.17 (791) | .000 |
| Condition | 0.00 | 0.06 (794) | .952 | 0.06 | 0.51 (791) | .611 |
| Gen Status × Condition | 0.00 | 0.06 (794) | .952 | −0.01 | 0.17 (791) | .865 |
| Independence | −0.06 | 0.58 (791) | .560 | |||
| Gen Status × Independence | 0.02 | 0.34 (791) | .738 | |||
| Condition × Independence | 0.05 | 0.48 (791) | .633 | |||
Note. Step 1 tests the effects of generational status, condition, and the Generational Status × Condition effect. Step 2 adds Independence, and two 2-way interactions (Generational Status × Independence and Condition × Independence).