Table 9.

Study 2: Percent of Interdependent and Independent Items Endorsed by First-Generation and Continuing-Generation Students

Survey items	FG students	CG students
Interdependent items
Help my family out after I’m done with college**	58%	32%
Be a role model for people in my community	51%	40%
Show that people with my background can do well**	38%	17%
Give back to my community*	54%	42%
Provide a better life for my own children	80%	76%
Scale Mean**	2.80	2.06
Independent items
Expand my knowledge of the world*	59%	72%
Become an independent thinker	42%	48%
Explore new interests	61%	63%
Learn more about my interests	60%	63%
Expand my understanding of the world**	48%	64%
Scale mean*	2.69	3.09

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01.

FG = first-generation; CG = continuing-generation