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Ecosystem effects following the population explosion of A. mexicanum. (A) Temporal change in LAI (proportion of ground area covered by palm leaves) and amount of litter retention in A. mexicanum crowns per unit area; note that values of the LAI are shown on the right y axis and values for litter retention are shown on the left y axis. (B) Temporal change in mean basal area (vertical error bars represent 95% confidence intervals) of A. mexicanum as well as understory and canopy trees.
