Table 1.
Demographic, tumor characteristics and treatment stratified by type of radiation therapy received (N=163)
| All patients | Base of skull | Whole brain | Craniospinal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | P value |
| Total | 163 (100.0) | 48 (29.4) | 67 (41.1) | 48 (29.4) | |
| Age, y | |||||
| Median | 35 | 39.5 | 39 | 29.5 | |
| 18–29 | 66 (40.5) | 16 (33.3) | 26 (38.8) | 24 (50.0) | .31 |
| 30–39 | 26 (16.0) | 8 (16.7) | 8 (11.9) | 10 (20.8) | |
| 40–49 | 33 (20.2) | 11 (22.9) | 12 (17.9) | 10 (20.8) | |
| 50–59 | 18 (11.0) | 7 (14.6) | 10 (14.9) | 1 (2.1) | |
| 60–74 | 17 (10.4) | 5 (10.4) | 10 (14.9) | 2 (4.2) | |
| ≥75 | 3 (1.8) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 106 (65.0) | 36 (75.0) | 37 (55.2) | 33 (68.8) | .07 |
| Female | 57 (35.0) | 12 (25.0) | 30 (44.8) | 15 (31.3) | |
| Type | |||||
| AML | 66 (40.5) | 21 (43.8) | 31 (46.3) | 14 (29.2) | .22 |
| ALL | 66 (40.5) | 19 (39.6) | 22 (32.8) | 25 (52.1) | |
| CML/CLL | 28 (17.2) | 7 (14.6) | 14 (20.9) | 7 (14.6) | |
| Pathology results positive (CSF or biopsy) | |||||
| No | 37 (22.7) | 16 (33.3) | 13 (19.4) | 8 (16.7) | .11 |
| Yes | 126 (77.3) | 32 (66.7) | 54 (80.6) | 40 (83.3) | |
| Imaging positive (CT or MRI) | |||||
| No | 70 (42.9) | 24 (50.0) | 23 (34.3) | 23 (47.9) | .18 |
| Yes | 93 (57.1) | 24 (50.0) | 44 (65.7) | 25 (52.1) | |
| CNS disease at presentation | |||||
| No | 145 (89.0) | 42 (87.5) | 61 (91.0) | 42 (87.5) | .78 |
| Yes | 18 (11.0) | 6 (12.5) | 6 (9.0) | 6 (12.5) | |
| Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy | |||||
| No | 121 (74.2) | 33 (68.8) | 54 (80.6) | 34 (70.8) | .29 |
| Yes | 42 (25.8) | 15 (31.3) | 13 (19.4) | 14 (29.2) | |
| Previous systemic regimens | |||||
| 1 | 66 (40.5) | 29 (60.4) | 23 (34.3) | 14 (29.2) | .04 |
| 2 | 55 (33.7) | 10 (20.8) | 29 (43.3) | 16 (33.3) | |
| 3 | 28 (17.2) | 6 (12.5) | 11 (16.4) | 11 (22.9) | |
| 4 | 11 (6.7) | 3 (6.3) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (10.4) | |
| 5 | 3 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Stem cell transplantation before RT | |||||
| No | 125 (76.7) | 35 (72.9) | 53 (79.1) | 37 (77.1) | .68 |
| Yes | 38 (23.3) | 13 (27.1) | 14 (20.9) | 11 (22.9) | |
| Bone marrow positive at CNS diagnosis | |||||
| No | 88 (54.0) | 31 (64.6) | 34 (50.7) | 23 (47.9) | .27 |
| Yes | 75 (46.0) | 17 (35.4) | 33 (49.3) | 25 (52.1) | |
| Intrathecal chemotherapy (No. of cycles) | |||||
| 0 | 20 (12.3) | 7 (14.6) | 9 (13.4) | 4 (8.3) | .10 |
| 1–5 | 44 (27.0) | 13 (27.1) | 17 (25.4) | 14 (29.2) | |
| 5–10 | 49 (30.1) | 18 (37.5) | 23 (34.3) | 8 (16.7) | |
| ≥10 | 50 (30.7) | 10 (20.8) | 18 (26.9) | 22 (45.8) | |
| Route of intrathecal chemotherapy | |||||
| None | 20 (12.3) | 7 (14.6) | 9 (13.4) | 4 (8.3) | .77 |
| LP | 127 (77.9) | 37 (77.1) | 52 (77.6) | 38 (79.2) | |
| Ommaya | 5 (3.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (6.3) | |
| Both | 11 (6.7) | 3 (6.3) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (6.3) | |
| Consolidative RT | |||||
| No | 133 (81.6) | 47 (97.9) | 56 (83.6) | 30 (62.5) | <.001 |
| Yes | 30 (18.4) | 1 (2.1) | 11 (16.4) | 18 (37.5) | |
| RT dose, Gy | |||||
| <20 | 33 (20.2) | 8 (16.7) | 16 (23.9) | 9 (18.8) | .55 |
| 20–23.9 | 19 (11.7) | 4 (8.3) | 9 (13.4) | 6 (12.5) | |
| 24 | 82 (50.3) | 27 (56.3) | 34 (50.7) | 21 (43.8) | |
| >24 | 29 (17.8) | 9 (18.8) | 8 (11.9) | 12 (25.0) | |
| Cranial nerve symptoms | |||||
| No | 55 (33.7) | 3 (6.3) | 25 (37.3) | 27 (56.3) | <.001 |
| Yes | 108 (66.3) | 45 (93.8) | 42 (62.7) | 21 (43.8) | |
| Any CNS symptoms | |||||
| No | 41 (25.2) | 2 (4.2) | 17 (25.4) | 22 (45.8) | <.001 |
| Yes | 122 (74.8) | 46 (95.8) | 50 (74.6) | 26 (54.2) | |
| Stem cell transplantation after RT | |||||
| No | 104 (63.8) | 31 (64.6) | 49 (73.1) | 24 (50.0) | .04 |
| Yes | 59 (36.2) | 17 (35.4) | 18 (26.9) | 24 (50.0) | |
Abbreviations: ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML = acute myeloid leukemia; CI = confidence interval; CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CML = chronic myeloid leukemia; CN = cranial nerve; CNS = central nervous system; CSF = cerebrospinal spinal fluid; CT = computed tomography; HR = hazard ratio; LP = lumbar puncture; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; RT = radiation therapy.