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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 16.
Published in final edited form as: Leuk Lymphoma. 2014 Aug 4;56(2):450–459. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2014.922180

Fig 4. Ritonavir and metformin co-treatment of CLL cells uncouples and suppresses oxygen consumption.

Fig 4

A&B - OCR and C&D - ECAR in CLL patient cells cultured in glucose-containing media pre-treated with 20µm ritonavir, 5mM metformin or the combination for 17 hrs. Equal numbers of viable cells were run on the Seahorse Analyzer and measurements were recorded after treatment with 5um Oligomycin (OL), 5µm FCCP and 2µm Antimycin /2µm Rotenone (AM/ROT). (UT – Untreated, RIT- ritonavir, MET- metformin). Data presented is from one of three representative patient samples. E - CLL patient cells including patient sample used in (A) were cultured in 5 mM glucose-containing media treated with 20µm ritonavir, 5mM metformin and the combination for 48hours. Cell viability is determined by AnnexinV and DAPI staining. All samples were normalized to viability of untreated CLL patient cells.