Table 4.
Known Group Analysis Based on Characteristics of Patients and Practices
| Practice Activationa | Experiences of Safety Problemsb | Impact on Health (Health Domain Specific)b | Impact on Health Care, Personal Care, and Financial Needsb | Overall Rating of Patient Safetya | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics, β (95%CI)c | |||||
| Number of long-term conditions | 0.49 (0.53–0.93) | 1.58 (0.82–2.35) | 0.88 (0.36–1.40) | 0.11 (−0.42 to 0.64) | |
| Number of medications | 0.03 (−0.34 to 0.39) | 0.14 (−0.6 to 0.33) | 0.65 (0.13–1.16) | 0.49 (0.19–0.80) | 0.17 (−0.17 to 0.53) |
| English as a second language | |||||
| Yes (n = 87) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No (n = 1,118) | 5.71 (0.57–10.86) | −4.37 (−8.30 to −0.44) | −2.83 (−7.65 to 1.98) | 7.87 (2.95–12.80) | −4.67(−10.36 to 1.02) |
| Born in the UK | |||||
| Yes (n = 1,093) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No (n = 112) | −2.46 (−6.95 to 2.03) | 2.83 (−0.02 to 5.68) | 1.48 (−2.38 to 5.34) | −5.13 (−8.64 to −1.63) | 3.13 (−0.19 to 6.47) |
| Practice characteristics, r (95%CI)d | |||||
| Practice size | 0.24 (−0.06 to 0.50) | −0.27 (−0.52 to 0.03) | −0.11 (−0.40 to 0.19) | −0.02 (−0.31 to 0.28) | 0.01 (−0.20 to 0.39) |
| Proportion of patients aged >65 years | 0.06 (−0.25 to 0.35) | −0.08 (−0.37 to 0.22) | −0.07 (−0.36 to 0.24) | −0.04 (−0.34 to 0.26) | 0.14 (−0.16 to 0.42) |
| Deprivation scoree | −0.32 (−0.56 to −0.02) | 0.30 (0.00–0.55) | 0.20 (−0.10 to 0.47) | 0.18 (−0.13 to 0.45) | −0.36 (−0.60 to −0.07) |
| Safety Climatef | −0.09 (−0.45 to 0.29) | 0.06 (−0.32 to 0.42) | 0.10 (−0.28 to 0.46) | 0.15 (−0.50 to 0.25) | 0.07 (−0.31 to 0.43) |
a
Higher scores indicate perception of safer practices.
b
Higher scores indicate more severe/frequent access problems or more severe harm.
c
Bivariate linear regression.
d
Correlation coefficient.
e
Deprivation measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation; higher scores indicate higher deprivation levels.
f
Safety climate measured using the instrument “PC-SafeQuest” (information available only from 31 practices).