Table 2. Preoperative and 1-Year Postoperative Quality-of-Life Outcomes.
| ACDF (n = 106) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|
| VAS | ||
| Preoperative | 4.4 ± 3.1 | 0.01 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 3.7 ± 3.2 | |
| Change | −0.7 ± 2.7 | |
| PDQ FC | ||
| Preoperative | 48.1 ± 21.9 | 0.0004 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 35.1 ± 25.8 | |
| Change | −10.6 ± 23.3 | |
| PDQ PC | ||
| Preoperative | 30.4 ± 14.8 | 0.0001 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 22.8 ± 17.4 | |
| Change | −6.8 ± 13.3 | |
| PDQ total | ||
| Preoperative | 78.5 ± 35.1 | <0.0001 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 57.9 ± 42.4 | |
| Change | −19.9 ± 29.6 | |
| PHQ-9 | ||
| Preoperative | 9.7 ± 6.9 | <0.01 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 5.3 ± 5.4 | |
| Change | −4.3 ± 3.7 | |
| EQ-5D index | ||
| Preoperative | 0.55 ± 0.26 | <0.0001 |
| Postoperative 1 y | 0.68 ± 0.24 | |
| Change | 0.14 ± 0.21 |
Abbreviations: ACDF, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimensions; FC, functional component; PC, psychosocial component; PDQ, Pain Disability Questionnaire; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: For all measures except the EQ-5D Index, a decrease in score represents improvement.