Table 4. Associations among patient characteristics and successful surgery with logistic regression.

Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p Value
Smoking history	2.56 (0.83, 8.22)	0.10
Antidepressant use	2.44 (0.83, 7.61)	0.11
PDQ preoperative	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.46
EQ-5D QALY score preoperative	0.01 (0.0001, 0.32)	0.02
PHQ-9 preoperative	0.94 (0.83, 1.07)	0.38

Abbreviations: EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimensions; PDQ, Pain Disability Questionnaire; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

Note: Successful surgery defined using the accepted minimum clinically important difference of a preoperative to postoperative change in EQ-5D ≥ 0.1.