Table 4. Treatment effect of surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis²⁸ .

Outcome	1 y	4 y
SF-36 bodily pain
BMI < 30 kg/m2	16.7	13.8
BMI > 30 kg/m2	20.7	17.2
p	0.26	0.43
SF-36 physical function
BMI < 30 kg/m2	16	14
BMI > 30 kg/m2	20.7	25.6
p	0.17	0.004
ODI
BMI < 30 kg/m2	−15.4	−12.6
BMI > 30 kg/m2	−19.6	−17.5
p	0.11	0.12

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Score; SF-36, Short Form-36.