Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses for OS and RFS in pancreatic cancer after radical resection.
| Features | OS | RFS | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | Univariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | |||||||||
| HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | |
| Training Cohort (n = 259) | ||||||||||||
| Age (< 62 vs. ≥ 62 years) | 1.065 | [0.755, 1.503] | 0.719 | 0.977 | [0.677, 1.410] | 0.901 | 0.869 | [0.645, 1.169] | 0.353 | 0.869 | [0.632, 1.194] | 0.385 |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 1.000 | [0.704, 1.420] | 1.000 | 0.968 | [0.668, 1.403] | 0.865 | 1.197 | [0.881, 1.625] | 0.246 | 1.149 | [0.833, 1.585] | 0.398 |
| Location (head vs. body/tail) | 0.896 | [0.630, 1.275] | 0.543 | 0.855 | [0.582, 1.255] | 0.423 | 1.018 | [0.753, 1.376] | 0.906 | 1.038 | [0.746, 1.442] | 0.826 |
| Serum CA19-9 (≤ 37.0 vs. > 37.0 U/mL) | 1.977 | [1.271, 3.139] | 0.003 | 1.903 | [1.195, 3.031] | 0.007 | 2.171 | [1.476, 3.194] | < 0.001 | 1.954 | [1.309, 2.917] | 0.001 |
| Serum CA125 (≤ 18.4 vs. > 18.4 U/mL) | 2.431 | [1.708, 3.460] | < 0.001 | 1.804 | [1.222, 2.662] | 0.003 | 2.841 | [2.086, 3.871] | < 0.001 | 2.158 | [1.530, 3.043] | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size (≤ 4.0 cm vs. > 4.0 cm) | 1.779 | [1.249, 2.532] | 0.001 | 1.790 | [1.219, 2.628] | 0.003 | 1.534 | [1.137, 2.069] | 0.005 | 1.385 | [0.998, 1.924] | 0.052 |
| Lymph node metastasis (no vs. yes) | 2.667 | [1.856, 3.883] | < 0.001 | - | - | - | 2.363 | [1.740, 3.210] | < 0.001 | - | - | - |
| Differentiation (I/II vs. III) | 1.645 | [1.157, 2.341] | 0.006 | 1.622 | [1.120, 2.348] | 0.010 | 1.586 | [1.168, 2.153] | 0.003 | 1.517 | [1.099, 2.094] | 0.011 |
| Neural invasion (no vs. yes) | 1.279 | [0.786, 2.083] | 0.322 | 1.133 | [0.688, 1.865] | 0.624 | 1.308 | [0.856, 1.999] | 0.215 | 1.032 | [0.669, 1.592] | 0.886 |
| Microvascular invasion (no vs. yes) | 1.738 | [1.192, 2.534] | 0.004 | 1.560 | [1.047, 2.324] | 0.029 | 1.618 | [1.160, 2.257] | 0.005 | 1.354 | [0.947, 1.938] | 0.097 |
| TNM stage (I vs. IIA vs. IIB) | 2.106 | [1.607, 2.759] | < 0.001 | 2.220 | [1.657, 2.975] | < 0.001 | 1.869 | [1.502, 2.326] | < 0.001 | 1.738 | [1.376, 2.194] | < 0.001 |
| Chemotherapy (no vs. yes) | 0.279 | [0.190, 0.410] | < 0.001 | 0.164 | [0.105, 0.257] | < 0.001 | 0.472 | [0.332, 0.670] | < 0.001 | 0.283 | [0.190, 0.423] | < 0.001 |
| Chemoradiotherapy (no vs. yes) | 0.896 | [0.607, 1.322] | 0.579 | 1.086 | [0.693, 1.703] | 0.719 | 1.280 | [0.928, 1.765] | 0.133 | 1.520 | [1.057, 2.184] | 0.024 |
| Validation Cohort (n = 273) | ||||||||||||
| Age (< 62 vs. ≥ 62 years) | 1.014 | [0.759, 1.355] | 0.924 | 0.978 | [0.725, 1.321] | 0.887 | 1.062 | [0.802, 1.405] | 0.676 | 1.003 | [0.752, 1.338] | 0.984 |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 0.962 | [0.716, 1.291] | 0.796 | 0.984 | [0.726, 1.335] | 0.919 | 1.017 | [0.765, 1.352] | 0.909 | 0.994 | [0.742, 1.332] | 0.968 |
| Location (head vs. body/tail) | 1.018 | [0.722, 1.436] | 0.917 | 0.921 | [0.640, 1.326] | 0.659 | 1.034 | [0.748, 1.429] | 0.840 | 1.023 | [0.726, 1.442] | 0.896 |
| Serum CA19-9 (≤ 37.0 vs. > 37.0 U/mL) | 1.828 | [1.289, 2.594] | 0.001 | 1.610 | [1.124, 2.304] | 0.009 | 1.864 | [1.326, 2.620] | < 0.001 | 1.751 | [1.233, 2.489] | 0.002 |
| Serum CA125 (≤ 18.4 vs. > 18.4 U/mL) | 2.451 | [1.777, 3.380] | < 0.001 | 2.135 | [1.526, 2.988] | < 0.001 | 2.392 | [1.762, 3.246] | < 0.001 | 2.121 | [1.541, 2.919] | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size (≤ 4.0 cm vs. > 4.0 cm) | 1.683 | [1.253, 2.261] | 0.001 | 1.547 | [1.125, 2.129] | 0.007 | 1.606 | [1.210, 2.131] | 0.001 | 1.403 | [1.037, 1.889] | 0.028 |
| Lymph node metastasis (no vs. yes) | 2.204 | [1.606, 3.024] | < 0.001 | - | - | - | 2.154 | [1.593, 2.915] | < 0.001 | - | - | - |
| Differentiation (I/II vs. III) | 1.523 | [1.128, 2.055] | 0.006 | 1.031 | [0.751, 1.415] | 0.851 | 1.433 | [1.073, 1.914] | 0.015 | 1.045 | [0.773, 1.412] | 0.776 |
| Neural invasion (no vs. yes) | 1.217 | [0.889, 1.666] | 0.221 | 1.226 | [0.883, 1.701] | 0.224 | 1.226 | [0.904, 1.662] | 0.189 | 1.224 | [0.895, 1.673] | 0.206 |
| Microvascular invasion (no vs. yes) | 1.630 | [1.198, 2.218] | 0.0072 | 1.553 | [1.123, 2.147] | 0.008 | 1.479 | [1.097, 1.994] | 0.010 | 1.382 | [1.009, 1.893] | 0.044 |
| TNM stage (I vs. IIA vs. IIB) | 1.718 | [1.398, 2.111] | < 0.001 | 1.716 | [1.363, 2.160] | < 0.001 | 1.699 | [1.391, 2.075] | < 0.001 | 1.668 | [1.332, 2.089] | < 0.001 |
| Chemotherapy (no vs. yes) | 0.662 | [0.485, 0.902] | 0.009 | 0.466 | [0.331, 0.655] | < 0.001 | 0.747 | [0.553, 1.009] | 0.058 | 0.518 | [0.372, 0.720] | < 0.001 |
| Chemoradiotherapy (no vs. yes) | 1.230 | [0.839, 1.803] | 0.289 | 1.180 | [0.799, 1.744] | 0.406 | 1.582 | [1.105, 2.266] | 0.012 | 1.473 | [1.019, 2.128] | 0.039 |
Note: All factors except lymph node metastasis were adopted in multivariate analyses because TNM stage was classified based on lymph node metastasis and was influenced by lymph node metastasis in multivariate analyses